The invention discloses a test method of a series compensation protection device. The series compensation protection device comprises a capacitor bank C, a normally open contact GS1, a normally open contact DS1, a normally open contact GS2, a normally open contact DS2, a normally open contact MBS, a rheostat MOV1, a rheostat MOV2, a damping loop, a spark gap GAP, a bypass switch BPS and an insulating platform. The capacitor bank C comprises a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, wherein the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, the capacitor C2and the capacitor C3 are connected in series, the capacitor C3 and the capacitor C4 are connected in series, and the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C1 are connected in series. The damping loop comprises a resistor R1, a rheostat R2 and an inductor L, wherein the resistor R1 and the rheostat R2 are connected in series, the rheostat R2 and the inductor L are connected in series, and the inductor L and the resistor R1 are connected in series. According to the series compensation protection device, the triggering reliability of the spark gap is guaranteed, the triggering continuity of the spark gap is guaranteed, the correctness of the action behavior of the spark gap is guaranteed, the triggering reliability is high, the withstand voltage level is high, and the failure rate is low.