The embodiment of the invention provides a satellite short-data communication method, a satellite short-data communication device and a satellite short-data communication system between a ship and a shore. The system comprises a ship satellite terminal, a satellite space segment, a ground station, a land terminal and the satellite short-data communication device, wherein the satellite space segment comprises a maritime satellite covering the Indian Ocean region and the Pacific Ocean region, and a maritime satellite covering the Atlantic Ocean region; the ground station comprises a first maritime satellite ground station and a second maritime satellite ground station, wherein the first maritime satellite ground station is communicated with the maritime satellite covering the Indian Ocean region and the Pacific Ocean region and the second maritime satellite ground station is communicated with the maritime satellite covering the Atlantic Ocean region; and the satellite short-data communication device is connected with the first ground station, the second ground station and a land user terminal, receives short messages sent by the land terminal, and selects to send the short messages to the first ground station or the second ground station according to the sate of the ship satellite terminal, or sends the short messages received from the first ground station or the second ground station to the land terminal. The system realizes short-message communication between a global sailing ship and the land user terminal.