78 results about "Field pattern" patented technology

According to the embedded rapid scanning system, a detection device is vertically arranged on an installation support, the installation support is fixed to the position above a production line through two stand columns, an antenna can be placed on the production line after being produced and flows backwards, and when the antenna flows to the position below the detection device, the detection device is based on the near-field scanning and far-field conversion technology; the device transversely moves above an antenna radiation surface, samples a near field, measures amplitude and phase values of an oscillator, can also convert the amplitude and phase values into a vertical plane far-field directional diagram, extracts radiation parameters, is simple and rapid in test process, takes a production line as a workbench, does not need to be additionally provided with a workbench, reduces the size, is embedded in the production line, and improves the test efficiency. And when one antenna is tested to be unqualified, interception can be directly carried out, so that the yield of products is ensured.

The invention discloses a spherical near-field antenna measurement method and system, and the method comprises the steps: generating a sampling point coordinate sequence on a measurement spherical surface based on a preset algorithm, and enabling the sampling point coordinate sequence to form a continuous spiral track from a first pole to a second pole; controlling the measuring probe to move at a constant speed along the continuous spiral track, and synchronously acquiring near-field complex electric field data of the to-be-measured antenna when the measuring probe moves to each sampling point to form a complex electric field data vector; constructing a linear equation of spherical wave expansion based on the complex electric field data vector, the sampling point coordinates and the measured spherical radius, and solving the linear equation by adopting a regularization method to obtain a spherical wave coefficient vector; and calculating a far-field pattern of the to-be-tested antenna based on the spherical wave coefficient vector. According to the invention, the technical problems of high sampling redundancy, discontinuous mechanical scanning path, dependence on interpolation and low precision in the existing antenna measurement technology are solved.

The invention discloses a phase-free antenna measurement method, a phase-free antenna measurement system and a storage medium. The phase-free antenna measurement method comprises the following steps: constructing a measurement system comprising an antenna to be measured, a measurement probe, a fixed auxiliary reference antenna and software defined radio; the probe is controlled to move and sample on the scanning plane, and the SDR synchronously collects receiving signals of the probe and the reference antenna; based on the frequency domain transformation result of the two paths of signals, the radiation field amplitude of each sampling point and the relative phase relative to the reference antenna are directly calculated through non-iterative operation, so that complete complex electric field distribution on the scanning plane is reconstructed; and finally, obtaining a far-field directional diagram through near-field-far-field transformation. The fixed reference antenna is introduced to serve as a phase reference, synchronous acquisition and direct calculation are achieved in combination with the SDR, the antenna radiation field can be rapidly and accurately recovered without direct phase measurement or complex iteration in the single scanning plane and single scanning process, and the method has the advantages of being simple in system, high in measurement efficiency and high in signal drift resistance.

The application discloses a kind of consistency construction and multi-dimensional parameter joint setting method and system of space field of course beacon, it is related to aviation technology field, comprising: constructing the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation model of course beacon antenna array, the radiation directivity diagram of antenna array and channel field type characteristics are analyzed;Antenna array is installed and checked and precision is reviewed;Determine that the radio frequency performance of full transmission link meets the requirements;According to correct transmission link, adopt the method of phase matching to carry out channel antenna pair phase matching and clearance antenna pair phase matching in turn, so that the phase of the radiation signal of each antenna pair is the same, and the spatial consistency of antenna pair is constructed;Near-field-far-field signal joint test setting is carried out, near-field test data and far-field test data are obtained, channel line, displacement sensitivity and clearance signal are evaluated, combined with simulation model and actual environment, complete multi-dimensional parameter joint setting.The method significantly improves the consistency and excellence of the final combined field pattern of the space field of the course beacon, and reduces the trial-and-error cost and rework times of flight verification.

The invention provides an antenna field pattern visual measurement method, device, equipment and medium, and relates to the technical field of electromagnetic field measurement, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a visual model of an antenna according to the geographic coordinate, the measurement radius and the antenna height of the antenna; determining a sampling track on the visual model according to the measurement parameters of the antenna; mapping the sampling track into a geographic track according to a preset track mapping rule; according to the geographical trajectory, generating a route file which can be identified by the unmanned aerial vehicle, so as to control the unmanned aerial vehicle to collect electromagnetic field intensity data along the geographical trajectory; and carrying out combination and image drawing on the electromagnetic field intensity data and the measurement parameters to generate an antenna field pattern image. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the problems of poor visualization effect and low planning operation efficiency can be solved.

The invention provides a semiconductor laser element with improved service life. This semiconductor laser element is provided with: a first semiconductor layer which is a group III-V compound semiconductor layer containing at least As as a group V element; a second semiconductor layer on the first conductive side, which is a group III-V compound semiconductor layer containing at least P as a group V element, and which is disposed on the first semiconductor layer; a second conductive-side third semiconductor layer disposed on the second semiconductor layer; an active layer disposed between the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer; a window structure formed across the third semiconductor layer, the active layer, the second semiconductor layer, and the first semiconductor layer; a defect layer having a group III element of the first semiconductor layer and a group III element of the second semiconductor layer between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer and including a defect in a region formed in the window structure; and an end surface that includes a defect layer that does not overlap the near-field pattern of the laser light on the end surface, or that overlaps only at the edge of the near-field pattern on the end surface, and that emits the laser light.

The invention discloses an antenna pattern reconstruction method, which relates to the technical field of wireless communication and antenna testing, and comprises the following steps of: selecting two measurement distances in a near-field area, determining a probe angle range and a probe angle interval, and measuring amplitude data of an antenna in a single tangent plane direction to obtain an antenna near-field amplitude pattern on the single tangent plane; copying the antenna near-field amplitude directional diagrams at the two measurement distances measured in the single tangent plane direction to azimuth angles in other spherical coordinate systems, and obtaining 3D antenna near-field amplitude directional diagrams on two spherical surfaces; recovering phases by utilizing the 3D antenna near-field amplitude directional diagrams on the two spherical surfaces to obtain a plurality of near-field directional diagrams of the to-be-tested equipment on the two spherical surfaces; and calculating an antenna far-field pattern of the to-be-tested equipment according to the plurality of near-field patterns of the to-be-tested equipment on the two spherical surfaces. According to the method, system parameters are optimized, so that the measurement cost and time are remarkably reduced, and the method is suitable for rapid air interface (OTA) testing of a 5G large-scale MIMO base station.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric data processing, and discloses a human body behavior recognition method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a human body heat radiation distribution diagram collected by an infrared sensor for a target object; performing thermal gradient calculation on the human body thermal radiation distribution diagram to generate a direction field diagram; acquiring a thermal gradient direction histogram based on the direction field pattern; and using a human body behavior recognition model to predict the thermal gradient direction histogram to obtain the behavior classification of the target object. According to the method, the problem of low human behavior recognition accuracy caused by insufficient low-resolution thermal imaging data information can be solved, the image quality is improved without super-resolution reconstruction preprocessing, high-complexity calculation is avoided, the human behavior recognition efficiency is high, and the real-time requirement of human behavior recognition is met.

This invention discloses a design method for a large-spacing, low-sidelobe uniform array, belonging to the field of array antenna technology. The method first designs the initial structure of a movable phase-center antenna element and obtains its far-field data; then, based on the array antenna design specifications, it constructs the array antenna and obtains the far-field radiation pattern; next, it uses a genetic algorithm to optimize the phase center of the array elements, obtaining the optimized phase center position distribution; finally, it changes the structure of each array element to move its phase center to the optimized position; and finally, the design is verified and completed. This invention utilizes movable phase-center antenna elements as array elements, enabling the reduction of far-field sidelobes in a uniformly spaced array distribution without changing the excitation amplitude and phase of each element.

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas and microwaves, and discloses an electromagnetic compatibility simulation method for an electrically large carrier platform array antenna and a medium. According to the method, the FEM-UTD hybrid algorithm is adopted, the far-field directional diagram of the complex-structure antenna is calculated and extracted by using the FEM method, the array antenna equivalent radiation model is accurately established according to the actual position, arrangement, phase and the like of the array antenna by using the extracted far-field directional diagram according to the far-field equivalence principle, and the array antenna equivalent radiation model is used as an array antenna excitation source. And electromagnetic compatibility simulation of the electrically large-size carrier platform array antenna is realized by using a UTD algorithm. On the premise that the precision is guaranteed, the hardware limitation of a full-wave algorithm on the electrically large size problem is broken through, meanwhile, the defects of a pure UTD algorithm on antenna modeling are overcome, and the balance of electromagnetic compatibility simulation among precision, efficiency and cost is achieved.

This invention discloses a method for analyzing the electrical performance range of an antenna radome based on interpolation. The method includes randomly generating multiple sets of thickness error and relative permittivity error distribution values ​​within the radome's thickness error range and relative permittivity error range; plotting the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna after adding the radome; extracting the variation range of electrical performance indicators from the pattern; discretizing the incident angle, polarization angle, thickness, and relative permittivity at various points on the radome; and calculating the transmission coefficient T of the main polarization component based on the discrete points. M Extract T M The amplitude and phase variation ranges are used to obtain T by interpolation. M In the sector-shaped interval formed in the complex domain, the sector-shaped interval is divided into polygonal intervals. The polygonal intervals are added together to calculate the range of changes in the far-field radiation pattern of the radome. The range of changes in the electrical performance index is extracted. It is determined whether the electrical performance index of the radome meets the preset requirements. If it does, the process ends. Otherwise, the number of segments in the sector arc is modified until the range of changes in the electrical performance index that meets the preset requirements is obtained.

The present application provides an antenna device, which includes a housing assembly, a first waveguide assembly and a second waveguide assembly. The interior of the housing assembly defines a cavity, and a slot is formed through the first side of the housing assembly. At least a portion of the first waveguide assembly is located in the cavity and is connected to the first side of the housing assembly. The projection of the first waveguide assembly on the first side of the housing assembly is symmetrically located on both sides of the slot. The second waveguide assembly is located outside the housing assembly, near the first side and connected to the slot. The second waveguide assembly is adapted to transmit an antenna signal through the slot to the cavity via the first waveguide assembly. The antenna signal resonates in the cavity and is radiated outward from the second side of the cavity relative to the first side. The antenna device of the present application has good signal transmission effect and stable and symmetric field pattern distribution.

A near-field and far-field encryption method based on the amplitude characteristics of singular points, comprising the following steps: 1) constructing a nano-structure unit, the nano-structure unit being composed of a substrate and nano-bricks deposited on the substrate; 2) optimizing parameters: according to a selected working wavelength, optimizing the structural parameters of the nano-bricks by using CST electromagnetic simulation software; 3) determining the structural parameters at which the EP is located, determining the singular point EP by using the CST electromagnetic simulation software by changing the structural parameters of the nano-bricks; 4) determining the phase distributions of two holographic images I A and I B ; 5) arranging a nano-structure array: according to the phase distributions of the two holographic images I A and I B determined in step 4), obtaining the PB phase by changing the rotation angles of the two kinds of nano-bricks to meet the phase distributions; 6) observing the nano array arranged in step 5), with RCP light incident from the front of the metasurface, the first holographic image I A can be detected on the reflection surface, and at the same time, the near-field displays the pattern I C ; with LCP light incident from the front of the metasurface, the second holographic image I B can be detected on the reflection surface, and at the same time, the near-field displays the complementary pattern of the pattern I C . The method of the present application is ingeniously designed, not only manipulates the phase information of the unit structure, but also realizes the near-field pattern by using the amplitude difference, and can be used for near-field and far-field encryption at the same time.

The invention discloses a bidirectional wave beam scanning leaky-wave antenna based on a trapezoidal sliding symmetrical structure. The bidirectional wave beam scanning leaky-wave antenna comprises an input end transition part used for feeding, an electromagnetic field modulation radiation array and an output end transition part used for matching absorption, a second rectangular waveguide cavity is arranged in the electromagnetic field modulation radiation array, cascaded trapezoidal metal resonant cavities in sliding symmetry are introduced into the inner sides of the upper wall and the lower wall of the second rectangular waveguide cavity, and the trapezoidal metal resonant cavities in sliding symmetry are the same in geometric size and staggered by a half structural period in the propagation direction; a radiation slot array is arranged on the upper wall of the electromagnetic field modulation radiation array to form a composite energy coupling area for electromagnetic field modulation; the input end transition part and the output end transition part are of a symmetrical structure, and the first rectangular waveguide cavity close to the electromagnetic field modulation radiation array is provided with a gradual change impedance matching section, so that smooth impedance conversion and field pattern matching are realized; transmission of a fast wave mode and a slow wave mode can be supported at the same time.

The application relates to a kind of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle-based antenna far field pattern near distance measurement system and method, including multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, signal transceiver unit, data acquisition equipment, photoelectric converter;Signal transceiver unit includes signal transceiver module, electro-optical converter, receiving antenna and wireless transmission module;The application is centered on the antenna to be measured, controls multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out horizontal semicircle flight around the antenna to be measured, and signal transceiver module emits an electric signal every N degrees on azimuth angle θ;Electric signal is converted into optical signal, is transmitted to photoelectric converter through optical fiber and is converted into electric signal again and is emitted through the antenna to be measured, and receiving antenna receives the electric signal, carries out near far field conversion processing, obtains the far field pattern of the antenna to be measured.The application can obtain the accurate amplitude and phase information of the antenna to be measured because the signal received by receiving antenna and the transmitting signal have the same source, form coherence.

The invention discloses a conformal antenna array layout method for a special-shaped surface of an aircraft, and the method comprises the steps: firstly giving an array element initial parameter of a planar antenna array, converting the special-shaped surface of the aircraft into a two-dimensional curved surface, obtaining a conformal curved surface array factor according to a mapping relation, determining the positions x'n, y'n and z'n of a curved surface antenna array element, the maximum main curvature radius direction and the maximum main curvature radius k1i of the normal vector, and the minimum main curvature radius direction and the minimum main curvature radius k2i of the normal vector; performing curved surface conformal simulation on a single planar antenna according to the positions x'n, y'n and z'n of the array elements of the curved surface antenna, placing an antenna unit by taking a normal vector as a normal vector, performing conformal simulation along the direction of the minimum main curvature radius, and setting the cylindrical surface radius as k2n, and then simulating to obtain a single antenna far-field radiation pattern, synthesizing all antenna far-field radiation patterns according to the positions of the curved surface antenna array elements to obtain a total field pattern function, judging whether the antenna radiation characteristics meet design indexes, and if not, returning to continue to optimize the planar antenna array factors until the design indexes are met.

A semiconductor laser element comprises a first semiconductor layer, which is a III-V composite semiconductor layer containing at least As; a second semiconductor layer, located above the first semiconductor layer, which is a III-V composite semiconductor layer containing at least P; a third semiconductor layer, located above the second semiconductor layer; an active layer on the second semiconductor layer; a window structure formed across the first to third semiconductor layers and the active layer; a defect layer having a defect located in a region where the window structure is formed and between the first and second semiconductor layers, and containing one group III element from each of the first and second semiconductor layers; and an end surface that emits laser light and contains the defect layer.The defect layer does not overlap with a near-field pattern of laser light at the final surface or overlaps only with an end part of the near-field pattern.

This invention proposes a method and apparatus for synthesizing array radar radiation patterns using space-time joint modulation. The method includes: determining initial values ​​of the array radar element excitation coefficients; acquiring the array far-field radiation pattern under the influence of the initial values ​​of the element excitation coefficients; dividing the array far-field radiation pattern into main lobe and side lobe regions based on its characteristics; setting the random modulation phase of the main lobe region to zero, maintaining the same main lobe phase across different pulses, while modulating the phase of the side lobe region regularly or randomly, while keeping the array far-field radiation pattern amplitude constant, thus obtaining array radiation patterns with different phase characteristics under multiple pulses; performing Fourier transforms on the array radiation patterns under different pulses to obtain the space-time two-dimensional element excitation coefficients; and applying the space-time two-dimensional element excitation coefficients to the array radar system to synthesize the array radar radiation pattern after space-time joint modulation. This invention significantly improves the array radar's resistance to sidelobe clutter and interference.

The application provides a beam generation method and device and electronic equipment, relates to the technical field of antennas, and is applied to an antenna system. The antenna system comprises a feed array and a metasurface structure. The feed array comprises at least two feeds, and the metasurface structure comprises a plurality of arrayed metasurface units. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring coordinate information of each feed and each metasurface unit; determining a secondary field pattern corresponding to each beam emitted by each feed based on the coordinate information of each metasurface unit and target beam scanning requirements; correcting the secondary field pattern corresponding to each beam emitted by each feed, and synthesizing a target field pattern based on the corrected secondary field patterns; determining target excitation data corresponding to each metasurface unit based on the target field pattern; and determining control parameters corresponding to each metasurface unit according to the target excitation data, so as to control the generation of a target beam. In this way, the target beam can be freely regulated and controlled.

The invention discloses an antenna feed amplitude-phase quantification method and system based on an improved non-dominated genetic algorithm, and belongs to the technical field of phased-array antennas. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a far-field pattern calculation model of a phased array, and then optimizing the continuous phase and continuous amplitude of feed in two stages by using an improved non-dominated genetic algorithm: in the first stage, obtaining an optimal phase quantization operation by taking the minimization of a beam pointing error as a target; in the second stage, on the basis of a phase optimization result, the optimal amplitude quantization operation is obtained by taking the maximum sidelobe level of the minimized beam as a target; and finally, a control signal for directly driving the digital phase shifter and the attenuator is generated. According to the method, the amplitude-phase quantization error is systematically controlled by introducing the random quantization interval threshold and error covariance matching technology, the beam pointing precision and the side lobe suppression performance are effectively coordinated by combining elite reservation and adaptive genetic manipulation, and the comprehensive electrical performance of the antenna under the influence of the quantization error is remarkably improved.

Light-emitting diode (LED) packages and more particularly light mixing arrangements in LED packages are disclosed. LED packages include multiple LED chips arranged within a single recess or cavity and a single corresponding lens. Light mixing arrangements include LED chip layouts, lens structures, and / or cladding layers for lens structures. LED packages are disclosed with reduced full width half maximum values and improved uniformity in far field pattern emissions by reducing lensing effects of multiple LED chips in a single cavity. A figure of merit is described that defines a color quality index metric that characterizes color quality and uniformity of far field emissions in multiple-color and multiple-chip LED packages.

The application discloses a target mode vortex wave generation method of a time modulation array, and comprises the following steps: constructing a rotationally symmetric time modulation array model; dividing a circular array into P sectors and H rings on average, and distributing unit groups in each ring to form a subarray; each sector is uniformly fed through a group of time modulation circuits; adopting a double-path high-speed radio frequency switch and a pi / 2 fixed phase shifter to construct a quadrature signal time modulation circuit to suppress non-target harmonics; based on a far-field pattern expression of the time modulation array, switch-on time and switch-on time of the switch are designed; by simultaneously feeding different sector antenna units and controlling switch timing of different sectors, a high-purity vortex electromagnetic wave with a mode number of l is generated. The target mode vortex electromagnetic wave generated by the method has the characteristics of high feeding efficiency and high mode purity under the same main lobe gain.

The invention discloses a chip antenna phase center alignment method, and belongs to the technical field of chip antennae, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the pre-scanning of a phase pattern of a chip antenna through a scanning frame, carrying out the judgment of the position deviation of a phase center and an actual scanning center through the obtained phase pattern data, and adjusting the position of a scanning circle center, before testing, the position of the phase center of the antenna is determined through simulation, and a coordinate system is established by referring to the phase center obtained through simulation during testing. According to the center alignment method, the position of an actual phase center is confirmed by carrying out a phase pattern pre-scanning technology, so that the accuracy of data, such as a far-field pattern and spherical near-field amplitude phase data, obtained through spherical scanning is ensured; the problem that the phase center of the chip antenna cannot be confirmed through a simple geometric position is solved, and compared with an existing testing process, the problem that the phase center of the chip antenna is difficult to calibrate due to factors such as the structure and the size of the chip antenna is solved.

The invention provides a far-field pattern test method and system, a mechanical arm is rotated according to a preset control instruction, the in-place time of the mechanical arm is fed back in real time, a to-be-tested phased-array antenna is installed on the mechanical arm, and the preset control instruction is configured according to a preset stepping amplitude and a preset rotation angle; in response to the received in-place time, sending an enabling trigger signal according to a synchronous calibration signal from the vector network analyzer so as to enable the vector network analyzer to test each point location according to the beam direction to determine the amplitude and phase trajectory data of each point location; and performing data recovery according to the amplitude and phase trajectory data of each point location, determining directional diagram data pointed by each beam, and summarizing the directional diagram data pointed by each beam under each frequency point to obtain a test result of the phased-array antenna. The automatic test process is adopted in the whole process, the test cost is reduced, the test efficiency is also improved, and meanwhile, the test precision is also improved through a trigger signal synchronization mechanism.

This invention relates to the field of digital array antenna testing technology and discloses a rapid desktop testing method for the receiving pattern of a digital array antenna. The method includes: initializing and synchronizing a multi-channel far-field simulation device and a beamforming processor for the digital array antenna; ensuring that each transmit channel of the multi-channel far-field simulation device is phase-consistent with each receive channel of the beamforming processor through calibration and balancing; establishing a set of scanning angles based on relevant information of the digital array antenna; the multi-channel far-field simulation device generating signals corresponding to the scanning angles and injecting them into the beamforming processor; the beamforming processor extracting information for each corresponding scanning angle and transmitting it to a host computer, until all scanning angles have been traversed to obtain the far-field pattern of each beam, thus completing the entire testing process. This invention can simulate the input of a standard antenna at each incident angle under far-field conditions, enabling the testing and verification of the receiving pattern of the beamforming processor for the digital array antenna.

An optical projection device includes an emitter, which is configured to emit a beam of coherent light. An optical substrate is disposed in a path of the beam. A metasurface is disposed on the optical substrate and includes an array of diffractive structures configured to modulate a polarization of the light so as to project a far-field pattern of interleaved areas having different, respective degrees of polarization.

Light-emitting devices including solid-state light-emitting devices, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and LED packages with reinforcement materials and related methods are disclosed. Reinforcement materials may include fibers and / or particles that are incorporated in various elements of light-emitting devices to provide improved mechanical strength, reduced differences in thermal expansion, improved adhesion between various device elements, modified optical characteristics such as modified far field patterns, and / or improved manufacturability. Reinforcement materials may be provided within support elements on which LED chips are mounted. In certain aspects, the support elements may be light-transmissive to light emitted by the LED chips. Reinforcement materials may also be provided in laminate films are that provided on support elements. Such laminate films may provide build-up structures that form cavities for the LED chip, or the laminate films may conformally cover the LED chips.

The invention discloses a low-pumping high-synchronization transmission-reflection terahertz holographic super-structure array which comprises a patterned metal layer, a response material layer and a substrate layer. The patterned metal layer comprises m * n patterned metal units with the same size, and each patterned metal unit comprises an annular metal hole and a Z-shaped structure arranged in the annular metal hole; phase distribution corresponding to the patterned metal layer is calculated by an improved GS algorithm and is realized by setting different rotation angles corresponding to the Z-shaped structure; the response material layer is arranged on the silicon layer below the patterned metal layer; and the substrate layer is arranged below the response material layer as a substrate, and the substrate layer is made of sapphire. According to the invention, low-pumping, high-modulation-speed, high-modulation-depth, wide-band and wide-range and transmission-reflection high-synchronization holographic imaging can be realized; and meanwhile, ultrafast energy regulation and control can be carried out on a holographic field pattern through pump light control.

The application discloses a two-dimensional directional diagram testing method adopting a planar near-field fast inversion method, and comprises the following steps: S1, a near-field testing system is built; S2, a control terminal of the testing system is used to control a testing radar, so that an active phased array antenna of the testing radar works in a receiving state and is directed to a direction to be tested; S3, a probe is made to perform array scanning according to a specified path; S4, the control terminal of the testing system is used to control a vector network tester, and testing data is automatically recorded; S5, according to the testing data collected by the vector network tester, two-dimensional directional diagram inversion calculation is performed, and a directional diagram inversion result of the beam pointing direction is obtained. The two jobs of near-field calibration and near-field directional diagram testing can be simultaneously completed in a near-field testing environment, the testing data obtained through the near-field directional diagram testing is used for near-field directional diagram inversion, and a directional diagram result of the active phased array antenna is derived, so that the testing efficiency of the active phased array is improved. Therefore, the method is suitable for popularization and application.

A Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) apparatus includes an optical aperture, an emitter array including emitter elements arranged and configured to output optical signals through respective sub-regions of the optical aperture to illuminate respective portions of a field of view, and an optical element in at least a portion of the optical path of the optical signals. The optical element is configured to divert a first subset of the optical signals away from the respective portions of the field of view without substantially altering a second subset of the optical signals. Related optical elements and methods of fabrication are also discussed.