The present invention provides an automatic book borrowing, returning and exchanging method and an automatic book borrowing system. The automatic book borrowing method comprises the steps of S10 providing a bookcase terminal; S11 responding to an input operation via a controller to confirm the user identity of an operator; S12 using the controller to consult whether the pre-contract book borrowing recording of the user exists in a local memorizer, if yes, entering a step S13, if not, entering a step S141; S13 using the controller to respond to the input operation of the two-dimension codes, the bar codes or the ciphers to compare the two-dimension codes, the bar codes or the ciphers with the corresponding two-dimension code, bar code or cipher information stored in the local memorizer, if the two-dimension codes, the bar codes or the ciphers match the stored two-dimension code, bar code or cipher information, driving a corresponding transparent door to unlock; S141 using the controller to respond to the input operation further to confirm a book grid corresponding to a book borrowed currently, and entering a step S142; S142 consulting the local memorizer, using the controller to determine whether the book in the book grid is pre-contacted, if not, driving the corresponding transparent door corresponding to the book grid to unlock.