The invention discloses a vehicle traffic state self-sensing early warning system and method based on a piezoelectric pavement. The early warning system comprises a piezoelectric pavement sensing terminal, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a roadside terminal, an image acquisition terminal, a data processing terminal and a traffic police law enforcement terminal, wherein the piezoelectric pavement sensing terminal, the vehicle-mounted terminal and the image acquisition terminal are in communication connection with the roadside terminal, and the roadside terminal is in communication connection with the traffic police law enforcement terminal through the data processing terminal. The early warning system is advantaged in that abnormal behaviors of a vehicle can be self-sensed through the piezoelectric pavement, the abnormal behaviors comprise vehicle overload, vehicle overspeed, vehicle overrun, vehicle abnormal driving, road congestion conditions and vehicle unbalance loading, signals are transmitted to the data processing terminal and the vehicle-mounted terminal, and a driver is reminded to eliminate related abnormal behaviors through the traffic police law enforcement terminal and thevehicle-mounted terminal. The system can effectively give an early warning, a corresponding feedback mechanism is formed, traffic driving safety and smoothness are ensured, and the development direction of an intelligent road surface is met.