The invention belongs to the technical field of biological treatment of seeds and in particular relates to a treatment method capable of improving emerging ability and cold resistance of camellia oleifera seeds. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) placing camellia oleifera seeds into an electric field for performing electric field treatment, immersing the seeds into a seed soaking agent to be soaked, stirring by a stirrer, treating with a filter reagent and taking out the camellia oleifera seeds, wherein the seed soaking agent is prepared from the following raw materials: isoalantolactone, polyethylene glycol and water; and (2) freezing in a freezer, taking out the seeds, frying at a constant temperature, taking out, immersing into a nutritional agent to be soaked, treating with the filter reagent and taking out the camellia oleifera seeds, and performing microwave drying, wherein the nutritional agent is prepared from the following raw materials: fructus piperislongi polysaccharide, erythritol, robinia juice, pueraria flavones, sodium hexametaphosphate, ferrous sulfate and water. According to the method, the camellia oleifera germination rate is effectivelyincreased, the breeding survival rate is improved, the seedling breeding period is shortened, seedling breeding is effectively reduced, accumulation of soluble sugar, soluble proteins and proline incamellia oleifera at a low temperature can be effectively promoted, and the cold resistance is improved.