The invention discloses a sealing device and method for a microcosmic displacement model injection and production opening. The sealing device comprises a main shaft, wherein a liquid channel is formed inside the main shaft and connected with a fluid injection pipeline, the first end of the main shaft is a cylinder with a small diameter and in threaded connection with a sealing head which can generate radial deformation when bearing axial pressure, the second end of the main shaft is a cylinder with a large diameter, a platform shoulder portion is formed on the main shaft, an outer barrel is arranged outside the cylinder, with the small diameter, of the main shaft, the first end of the outer barrel abuts against the sealing head, a certain distance exists between the second end of the outer barrel and the platform shoulder portion of the main shaft, a sleeve type end cap is arranged outside the second end of the outer barrel and the second end of the main shaft in a sleeving mode, an annular closed space is formed among the inner wall of the sleeve type end cap, the second end of the outer barrel and the platform shoulder portion, and through holes are formed in the side wall of the sleeve type end cap and connected with a micro hydraulic pump through a pipeline. The sealing strength of the sealing device can be manually adjusted, the sealing device is reliable in sealing performance and high in anti-corrosion capacity and abrasion resistance, and sealing parts do not need to be regularly replaced.