The invention discloses an efficient scleroglucan extraction and purificatiodn method and an application thereof. The method includes: 1), performing microwave enhanced dissolution after dilute alkali dissolution by a mycelium contained scleroglucan crude product or a high-concentration scleroglucan fermentation liquid raw material; 2), performing separation on the scleroglucan solution obtained form the step 1) to remove the insoluble mycelium with frame filter or centrifugal separation and merging a scrubbing solution into the scleroglucan solution by adopting the mycelium obtained from the scrubbing solution; 3), neutralizing the scleroglucan solution after bacterial removal; 4), treating the scleroglucan solution through an ultrafiltration membrane prior to desalting and concentrating, and washing the scleroglucan concentrated solution is washed through water and prior to desalting; 5), precipitating and washing the scleroglucan with ethyl alcohol to obtain the product after drying. Through treatment of a series of physical methods, the stable and efficient scleroglucan preparation process is established, chemical reaction is not needed, impurity components in the finished product are reduced, and the purity of the targeted scleroglucan product is up to 90%.