The invention relates to a detection system for detecting a human immune state and belongs to the technical field of gene detection. The detection system provided by the invention is used for detecting 20 genes, including IFI27, ISG15, IFI44L, RSAD2, HERC5, IFITM3, IFI44, IFIT3, EPSTI1, IFIT1, HP, ANXA3, ARG1, FCGR1B, S100A12, MMP9, IL18R1, TLR3, GYG1 AND FCGR1A in peripheral blood; the assessment for the human immune state can be realized in the manner of increasing or reducing the expression level of each gene; and the genes are utilized to guide accurate medical treatment, including disease accurate parting, prognosis, treatment tracking and therapeutic evaluation. The detection system has excellent clinic application values and wide application prospects.