A novel gastrodia elata planting and cultivating method comprises the following steps of (1) site selection, (2) soil removal and replacement, (3) preprocessing of seeds, (4) preparation of new materials, (5) cultivation, (6) film mulching, and (7) harvesting. According to the step of cultivation, the cultivation time is the last ten-day period of October to the first ten-day period of December and February to March in the early spring, and gastrodia elata is planted when the air temperature is 0-15 DEG C. According to the step of film mulching, a mulching film with holes is used for mulching soil no matter in autumn and winter or the early spring, the mulching film can be removed at the beginning of April of the next year according to the lunar calendar, the mulching film is put aside, green grass and tree branches are used for covering soil, then a mulching film is used for mulching soil again in the middle ten-day period of August according to the lunar calendar, and the ground temperature can be prolonged by three months; during the film mulching period, the film removing and mulching method is novel, and pest control and water management are identical with traditional methods. According to the step of harvesting, gastrodia elata is harvested at the end of September according to the lunar calendar. The method is reasonable in step, a traditional gastrodia elata cultivating method is creatively modified, yield of gastrodia elata is increased, and benefits are improved.