73 results about "Negative sign" patented technology

The present invention provides an object measuring apparatus capable of performing high-speed process and accurately counting the number of a plurality of objects even in the case where the plurality of objects pass a boundary line simultaneously. The object measuring apparatus extracts motion vectors at a plurality of times in each of a plurality of positions on a boundary line on the basis of a plurality of images. The object measuring apparatus obtains at least one integral value by integrating components perpendicular to the boundary line of the motion vectors. As the at least one integral value, for example, an integral value derived by integrating the perpendicular components of one of positive and negative signs is obtained. The object measuring apparatus calculates the number of moving objects (people and the like) passing the boundary line on the basis of the integral value.

A system and a method are disclosed for identifying pixels belonging to moving objects in a series of images by using a signed difference operation. A first signed difference is determined between a first image and a second image. A second signed difference is determined between a second image and a third image. Pixels that change from a positive sign in the first signed difference to a negative sign in the second signed difference belong to the moving object in the second image.

An image processing method for executing a quantization process of image data by error diffusion, executes a step of generating first image data by adding a quantization error to input image data, a step of generating second image data by quantizing the first image data by comparing the first image data with a predetermined threshold value, a step of generating third image data by dequantizing the second image data, a calculation step of calculating a quantization error for each pixel on the basis of the difference between the first and third image data, a storage step of storing information indicating a positive / negative sign of the calculated quantization error for a predetermined number of pixels in a storage unit, and a correction value generation step of generating a correction value used to correct at least one of the first image data and the threshold value on the basis of the information which is stored in the storage unit and indicates the positive / negative sign.

The invention discloses a method for measuring electric energy of impact load, including the following five aspects: (1) electrical power system produces harmonic and flicker induced by the impact load, electric energy metering of the impact load relates to fundamental wave metering, harmonic electric energy metering and flicker electric energy metering; (2) voltage, current signal of the electrical power system pass through high-pass filter, and perform multi-channel synchronous frequency-change sample by a high-speed ADC(analog / digital converter), realizing harmonic electric energy metering by FFT or wavelet transform, determining harmonic source direction according to positive negative signs of harmonic active power; (3) voltage, current signal of the electrical power system which passing through low-pass filter are performed multi-channel synchronous frequency-change sample by a high-speed ADC, realizing flicker electric energy metering by FFT or wavelet transform, determining flicker source direction according to positive negative signs of harmonic active power; (4) voltage, current signal of the electrical power system which passing through low-pass filter are performed multi-channel synchronous frequency-change sample by a high-speed ADC, abstracting fundamental wave signal by FFT or wavelet transform, realizing fundamental wave electric energy metering; (5) the sampling of high-speed ADC is frequency-change sampling with sampling frequency determined by the fundamental wave frequency.

Providing echo canceling apparatus, telephone set using the same and an echo canceling method that do not require transmission / reception sound detection and are resistant to environmental noise. Echo canceling apparatus according to the invention includes a calculator 4 for subtracting a pseudo-echo signal pec generated from a reception sound signal from an echo signal ec that is based on an echo generated when the reception sound that is based on the reception sound signal is reflected on a reflective body such as a wall thereby outputting a residual echo signal rec. The echo canceling apparatus further includes a residual echo detector 12 for estimating a residual echo volume by detecting sign inversion of the echo signal ec and the residual echo signal rec and their amplitude values. It is thus possible to compare between the positive and negative signs of the input / output signal of the calculator 4 without using the transmission / reception sound detection to detect the generation of a pseudo-echo signal thereby accurately estimating the residual echo volume.

Providing echo canceling apparatus, telephone set using the same and an echo canceling method that do not require transmission / reception sound detection and are resistant to environmental noise.Echo canceling apparatus according to the invention includes a calculator 4 for subtracting a pseudo-echo signal pec generated from a reception sound signal from an echo signal ec that is based on an echo generated when the reception sound that is based on the reception sound signal is reflected on a reflective body such as a wall thereby outputting a residual echo signal rec. The echo canceling apparatus further includes a residual echo detector 12 for estimating a residual echo volume by detecting sign inversion of the echo signal ec and the residual echo signal rec and their amplitude values. It is thus possible to compare between the positive and negative signs of the input / output signal of the calculator 4 without using the transmission / reception sound detection to detect the generation of a pseudo-echo signal thereby accurately estimating the residual echo volume.

A magnetic imaging systems produces magnetic magnitude images using magnetic sensors capable of determining only the absolute value of a detected magnetic field and provide no information regarding the positive or negative sign of the detected magnetic image. A 2D dipole location is determines the 2D location of a dipole within a magnetic magnitude image by finding the minimum of the derivative of the absolute value of the magnetic field. This 2D dipole location is then used to determine the 3D position and momentum of a current dipole responsible for the observed magnetic magnitude image. The current dipole is used to generate a magnetic image that incorporate positive and negative sign information.

The invention provides a method for using a shallow-sea low-frequency coherent vector sound field interference structure for detecting and identifying a target. The first step is that the Fourier transformation of the sound pressure and the vibration velocity signal is respectively carried out; the second step is that the Fourier transformation of the vector signal is conjugated; the third step is that the Fourier transformation of the sound pressure signal is multiplied by and the female court attendant of the Fourier transformation of the vector signal; the fourth step is that the real part or the imaginary part is obtained; the fifth step is that the judgment of the positive or negative sign is carried out; and the sixth step is that the depth classification of the target is given according to the judgment of the positive or the negative sign of the fifth step. The method develops the work against the passive detection of the remote target and the target depth judgment, in particular to the application purpose of the target depth judgment. The method has important application prospect in comprehensive marine monitoring, seashore early-warning system, small platform sonar, aviation acoustic buoy and other aspects.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for modulating the phase difference between a pair of optical waves that exit a Sagnac interferometer, and, more particularly, one that is commonly employed as a fiber gyro, and includes a detector responsive to phase difference between the pair of waves that exit the interferometer, and a phase modulator that forms part of two control loops that are instrumental in deriving an accurate measurement of rotation rate. As disclosed herein, phase modulation applied equally to the pair of waves as they counter-propagate through the phase modulator induces modulation of the phase-difference between the two waves as they exit the interferometer. This phase difference modulation includes (i) a bias phase-difference modulation component having a selected frequency, amplitude, and waveform, (ii) a rotation-rate feedback phase-difference component that is equal in magnitude to, and opposite in sign of, the Sagnac phase difference, so that the sum thereof is controlled to be substantially zero, and (iii) a calibration feedback phase-difference modulation component that is characterized by a predetermined phase difference magnitude having substantially alternating positive and negative sign values.

The present invention provides an object measuring apparatus capable of performing high-speed process and accurately counting the number of a plurality of objects even in the case where the plurality of objects pass a boundary line simultaneously. The object measuring apparatus extracts motion vectors at a plurality of times in each of a plurality of positions on a boundary line on the basis of a plurality of images. The object measuring apparatus obtains at least one integral value by integrating components perpendicular to the boundary line of the motion vectors. As the at least one integral value, for example, an integral value derived by integrating the perpendicular components of one of positive and negative signs is obtained. The object measuring apparatus calculates the number of moving objects (people and the like) passing the boundary line on the basis of the integral value.

A circuit breaker includes for each neutral and phase power conductor, a current sensor sensing an alternating current flowing in a corresponding power conductor, a comparator determining whether the sensed alternating current is positive or negative, a rectifier rectifying the sensed alternating current to provide a rectified current value, and an analog-to-digital converter converting the rectified current value to a signed digital value having a positive sign. A processor cooperates with the comparators and the analog-to-digital converters and includes a routine that changes the positive sign of the signed digital value to a negative sign if the sensed alternating current is negative, adds the signed digital value for each power conductor to provide a sum, and employs the sum to determine whether to output a ground fault signal. The processor further cooperates with an operating mechanism to trip open separable contacts responsive to the ground fault signal.

A state detection device includes an acquisition part that acquires an acceleration detection value from an acceleration sensor, and a judgment part that judges a running state or a walking state based on the acceleration detection value. The judgment part detects as to whether a positive / negative sign of the acceleration detection value in a first axis reversed in a predetermined judgment period, determines the running state when the sign reverses, and determines the walking state when the sign does not reverse.

A battery-less multi-rotation encoder including detection coils with the Barkhausen effect includes a rotation detection mechanism and a signal processing circuit. The detection coils generate voltage pulses with different positive and negative signs, and transmit them to the signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit includes a controller and an adder. The controller can set states of the detection coils to be High or Low and to maintain them at High or Low, based on the positive and negative signs of the respective voltage pulses and no voltage pulse being generated therefrom. The controller is configured to store the states of the respective detection coils in a memory. The adder can update a number of rotations according to the changes in the states of the respective detection coils. The signal processing circuit can determine the rotational angle of a rotational shaft within about 1 / 4 rotation unit.

The invention discloses a radar echo filtering method based on moving target detection, and mainly solves the problem that an existing filter bank is excessive in radar echo computation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) setting a filter bank, and calculating the weight vector of a filter; 2) multiplying and summing the radar echo and the weight vector of a certain filter, and storing the multiplying and summing results and intermediate values; 3) adding and summing the stored multiplying and summing results to obtain a filter output; 4) changing the positive or negative signs of parts of values in the intermediate values stored, adding and summing each group of intermediate values, and storing operation results; 5) adding and summing the stored operation results to obtain the filter output corresponding to the filter in the step 3); 6) processing the radar echo by the rest of filters sequentially, and outputting filter results. According to the radar echo filtering method provided by the invention, the using times of multiplication and addition in the radar echo filtering process can be reduced, the computation can be reduced, and the filter speed can be improved, therefore the radar echo filtering method can be used for radar target detection.

Systems, methods, and computer program products generate a DIL signal in which the length of the sign pattern used for symbols in the DIL signal is a positive integer that wholly divisible by four and is not wholly divisible by three. The sign pattern may be viewed as comprising both an even and an odd subsequence with the number of positive signs balancing the number of negative signs in each subsequence. The DIL signal may be distorted by analog impairments, such as transformers, that may introduce nulls at direct current (DC) and severe non-linear distortion below 100 Hz. Moreover, low-pass filters in the PSTN typically have a sharp roll-off at the Nyquist frequency of 4 kHz. A DIL signal that includes one or more DIL segments with each DIL segment incorporating the aforementioned sign pattern may be characterized by spectral nulls at both direct current (DC) and the Nyquist frequency, which is 4 kHz for a V.90 modem application.

When an electric vehicle outputs a torque instruction, firstly, a request torque is acquired and a judged whether the acquired request torque is positive or negative (S10) Regardless of the sign of the request torque, it is judged whether the eco-switch is ON (S12, S14) If the request torque has a positive sign and the eco-switch is OFF, a map A is selected (S20). If the eco-switch is ON, a map B which limits the maximum torque to a low value for the map A is selected (S22). If the request torque has a negative sign, a map C is selected regardless of the eco-switch ON / OFF state and the maximum torque is not limited (S24).

A circuit breaker includes for each neutral and phase power conductor, a current sensor sensing an alternating current flowing in a corresponding power conductor, a comparator determining whether the sensed alternating current is positive or negative, a rectifier rectifying the sensed alternating current to provide a rectified current value, and an analog-to-digital converter converting the rectified current value to a signed digital value having a positive sign. A processor cooperates with the comparators and the analog-to-digital converters and includes a routine that changes the positive sign of the signed digital value to a negative sign if the sensed alternating current is negative, adds the signed digital value for each power conductor to provide a sum, and employs the sum to determine whether to output a ground fault signal. The processor further cooperates with an operating mechanism to trip open separable contacts responsive to the ground fault signal.

Some embodiments provide a novel way of performing a signed multiplication. Each individual bit of a first operand is multiplied by every bit of a second operand to generate partial multiplication results. Each partial result is shiftably added to other partial results except one partial result which is shiftably subtracted. For the partial result that is subtracted, the most significant bit of the second operand is negated and is utilized as carry in of the subtraction operation. The most significant bit of each operand is considered to have a negative sign when generating the partial multiplication results. Also, one of the partial results is appended with the most significant bit of the second operand. Some embodiments utilize a configurable IC that performs subtraction with the same circuitry and at the same cost as addition. The configurable IC also utilizes hybrid interconnect / logic circuits to perform part of the multiplication operation.

A control system for a adjustable damping force damper includes a damper and a spring provided on a suspension apparatus of a vehicle, a sprung speed sensor for detecting speed of an upper member of the spring, the sprung speed is generated when the vehicle gets over steps on a road surface and a control unit for setting a gain so as to determine an damping force of the damper based on a product of the sprung speed and the gain. When an absolute value of the sprung speed exceeds a predetermined value, the control unit changes the gain in response to a positive sign or a negative sign of the sprung speed.

A computer implemented method of representing real numbers of positive and negative sign as a character string such that the a lexicographical ordering of the character string matches the numeric ordering of the real numbers. In the method, a real number is expressed as at least one whole number followed by at least one fractional number, times a predetermined base to a whole number exponent. In one embodiment the representation is formed by concatenating, in a predetermined order: a representation of the sign of the real number; a representation of the numeric ordering responsive to the exponent; a representation of the exponent; and a representation of the whole numbers followed by a representation of the at least one fractional number.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for modulating the phase difference between a pair of optical waves that exit a Sagnac interferometer, and, more particularly, one that is commonly employed as a fiber gyro, and includes a detector responsive to phase difference between the pair of waves that exit the interferometer, and a phase modulator that forms part of two control loops that are instrumental in deriving an accurate measurement of rotation rate. As disclosed herein, phase modulation applied equally to the pair of waves as they counter-propagate through the phase modulator induces modulation of the phase-difference between the two waves as they exit the interferometer. This phase difference modulation includes (i) a bias phase-difference modulation component having a selected frequency, amplitude, and waveform, (ii) a rotation-rate feedback phase-difference component that is equal in magnitude to, and opposite in sign of, the Sagnac phase difference, so that the sum thereof is controlled to be substantially zero, and (iii) a calibration feedback phase-difference modulation component that is characterized by a predetermined phase difference magnitude having substantially alternating positive and negative sign values.

The invention relates to an application of an effective negative association rule selected through a quadratic correlation judging method to the analysis of customer buying behaviors. If a negative sign only occurs outside an item set A or an item set B, only once association rule correlation judgement is carried out; and if the negative sign exists in the item set A or the item set B, once association rule correlation judging judgement and quadratic correlation rule correlation judgement are carried in sequence. According to the application, the deciders are helped to expel the unavailable negative association rule modes in the process of carrying out customer buying behavior analysis, so as to find the available negative association rule modes; and in such way, the sellers can predict the association among the commodities according to the current commodity sales status and find the exclusion relations among the particular commodities so as to reasonably plan the commodity arrangement, improve the commodity offtake and improve the economic benefit of the marketplaces.

An enhanced heat transfer tube with discrete bidirectionally inclined ribs (DBIR-tube) provides enhanced convective heat transfer both in laminar and turbulent flow regions. The inner surface of the tube is formed with bidirectionally inclined ribs, including left hand inclined ribs and right hand inclined ribs, with the ribs being in the form of discrete strip-like protrusions which respectively form a certain angle with respect to the axis of the tube and incline in two directions. With the hydrodynamic inner diameter of the tube represented by “d”, each bidirectionally inclined rib has a height less than or equal to 0.2 d, a circumferential width less than or equal to 0.5 d, and an axial length less than or equal to 2 d. A certain angle formed between the axis of each rib and the axis of the tube is ±5° to ±85°, the positive sign meaning that the internal rib is orientated in a right hand declining direction, and the negative sign meaning that the internal rib is orientated in a left hand declining direction.

A frequency synthesizer using a PLL has a simple structure and excellent spurious characteristics. A reference frequency signal inputted into a phase comparison unit is generated based on a clock when a zero cross point of a sawtooth wave composed of a digital signal is detected. However, in this case, since the digital values are skipped values, the digital value does not always become zero when its positive / negative sign is inverted. Hence, where the clock signals reading the digital value immediately before and the to digital value immediately after the zero cross time when the positive / negative sign is inverted in a region where the digital value gradually changes are P1 and P2 respectively and the clock signal at a timing next to the clock signal P2 is P3, P1 and P3 are used at a ratio corresponding to the ratio between the digital values read by P1 and P2.

A zoom lens system that performs zooming by moving lens units includes, in the following order from an object side towards image side, a first lens unit having positive refractive power and movable along a locus convex towards the image side during zooming from a wide-angle end to telephoto end, a second lens unit having negative refractive power, an aperture stop movable independently of the lens units, and third and fourth lens units having positive refractive powers. The following conditions are satisfied:−0.6<f2 / f3<−0.4−0.5<MS / M3<0.9where MS and M3 respectively indicate moving distances of the aperture stop and third lens unit along an optical axis, and f2 and f3 respectively indicate focal lengths of the second and third lens units, each moving distance being a positive sign if directed towards the image side or a negative sign if directed towards the object side.