80 results about "Magnetic imaging" patented technology

A wide-field dynamic magnetic imaging device and method. The wide-field dynamic magnetic imaging device comprises: a probe assembly (1), comprising a diamond (101) containing NV centers; a microwave magnetic field assembly (2) configured to generate a uniform microwave field and a uniform bias magnetic field in the vicinity of the diamond (101), so as to regulate the spin energy level of the diamond (101) and the quantum state evolution process; a laser modulation assembly (3) configured to output an initial uniform pulsed laser to excite the diamond (101) to emit fluorescence; a fringe light modulation assembly (4) configured to modulate the initial uniform pulsed laser to output a fringe pulsed laser, causing the fluorescence emitted by the diamond (101) to be fringe fluorescence, or to modulate the fluorescence emitted by the diamond (101) into fringe fluorescence; a fluorescence detection assembly (5) configured to perform spatial imaging on the fringe fluorescence to obtain magnetic field information of a sample under test (7), thereby obtaining an initial magnetic image of said sample (7); and a data processing assembly (6) configured to perform Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform on the initial magnetic image to obtain a first magnetic image.

The invention provides a four-dimensional cardiac function imaging method and device based on a biological magnetic signal. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a magnetocardiogram signal of a to-be-detected object and dynamic structure information of a target trunk part in a full cardiac cycle; wherein the target trunk part at least comprises double lungs, a trunk, a heart cavity of the trunk and a pericardium structure, and the dynamic structure information comprises a contour structure and a multi-frame dynamic image; performing spatial registration on the dynamic structure information and the sensor for acquiring the magnetocardiogram signal to obtain coordinates of the sensor in a coordinate system of the dynamic structure information; according to the dynamic structure information, the coordinate of the sensor and the magnetocardiogram signal, calculating and reconstructing cardiac electrical excitation activity to obtain a calculation and reconstruction result; and converting the calculation reconstruction result into a four-dimensional visual image. According to the method, heart magnetic imaging and heart movement are combined, on the basis of obtained dynamic structure information and heart magnetic signals, the characteristics of biological magnetic signals are fully utilized, and the signal processing technology is integrated through space registration, so that accurate reconstruction of four-dimensional representation of the heart and visual display of functional activities are realized; therefore, the obtained four-dimensional visual image can completely represent the dynamic electrophysiological activities of the whole heart (including epicardium, endocardium and intrawall tissues) in a cardiac cycle, and a technical scheme with different concepts is provided for non-invasive imaging of cardiac electrical excitation activities.

The invention discloses an SERF atom magnetometer double-axis magnetic field detection method and device based on pulsed magnetic field modulation, relates to the technical field of magnetic field precision measurement, and compresses the action time of a modulation magnetic field additionally applied in the same unit period on a hot atom ensemble by replacing conventional continuous sinusoidal magnetic field modulation with pulsed magnetic field modulation. The pulse magnetic field with the duty ratio of d can reduce the spin exchange relaxation rate to 2d times of that of a conventional method under the same modulation amplitude and frequency, due to the fact that the spin exchange relaxation rate is effectively restrained, the collected polarizability response signal is obviously improved, and the polarizability response signal can be obtained through the pulse magnetic field with the duty ratio of d and the pulse magnetic field with the duty ratio of d. Low-relaxation-rate sensitivity-enhanced double-axis magnetic field measurement under a pulse modulation scheme is realized, the double-axis measurement sensitivity of a miniaturized SERF atom magnetometer is further improved, and the method has great significance in supporting leap-type development of a future array type extremely-weak magnetic imaging system and medical application thereof.

The invention discloses a visual tactile sensor based on a magnetic imaging principle. The visual tactile sensor comprises a shell, an image acquisition module, a magnetic pole display film, an elastic body and a magnetic film, the magnetic pole display film, the elastic body and the magnetic thin film are arranged in the shell from top to bottom, and the image acquisition module is located above the magnetic pole display film and used for acquiring an image of the magnetic pole display film; when the sensor is used for pressure sensing, the position with the maximum gray level variation of the magnetic pole display film image is the pressure acting position, and the pressure is equal to the result that the gray level variation of the magnetic pole display film image is divided by the magneto-optical conversion coefficient of the magnetic pole display film and the product thereof. The magnetic induction intensity in the center range of the surface of the magnetic film, the initial distance between the magnetic film and the magnetic pole display film and the equivalent elastic coefficient of the magnetic film and the elastic body are related. The sensor converts a mechanical signal into a magnetic field signal and then converts the magnetic field signal into an optical image, high-sensitivity sensing of tiny pressure is achieved, and meanwhile the sensor has the higher signal-to-noise ratio, stability and anti-interference capacity.

The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic field measurement error compensation, in particular to a single-axis Hall surface magnetic rapid imaging analysis system, which is characterized in that a magnetic field gradient real-time analysis unit calculates a magnetic field gradient change rate through a sliding window weighted difference algorithm, identifies a magnetic pole transition region and analyzes the magnetic field gradient change rate. The multi-source error coupling modeling unit synchronizes Hall probe spacing fluctuation, inclination angle and magnetic field gradient data and constructs a composite compensation function, the adaptive compensation unit corrects and counteracts spacing attenuation and projection errors through two-stage assembly lines, and the nonlinear trigger control unit generates an adaptive encryption trigger signal, so that the sampling spacing decreases progressively along with the gradient change rate, and the error compensation is realized. And the magnetic field distribution reconstruction unit fuses the compensation data and the sampling sequence, reconstructs a continuous magnetic field distribution curve by adopting gradient constraint cubic spline interpolation, accurately outputs a magnetic pole boundary position and a surface magnetic field intensity quantification result, and improves the surface magnetic imaging precision and efficiency.

The invention discloses an overlying strata fracture electromagnetic imaging method and a grouting system, and particularly relates to the technical field of geological fracture imaging. The invention discloses an overlying strata fissure electromagnetic imaging method and a grouting system. The method comprises the steps that S1, magnetic source slurry containing permanent magnetic material particles is injected into a target overlying strata fissure area through the grouting system; s2, magnetizing the magnetic source slurry injected into the crack through an electromagnetic coil group arranged on the grouting system; s3, tracer slurry containing magnetic responsive nanoparticles is injected into the fissure area where the guiding magnetic field is formed through a grouting system; s4, in-hole electromagnetic detection equipment is adopted to scan the fracture area filled with the tracing slurry, and electromagnetic response data are obtained; and S5, processing and analyzing the electromagnetic response data. According to the overlying strata fissure electromagnetic imaging method and the grouting system provided by the invention, through a technical path of'pilot magnetism and post tracing ', the tracing slurry is actively guided to directionally migrate by utilizing the magnetic field, and high-precision filling and electromagnetic imaging of an overlying strata fissure network are realized.

The invention discloses a tumor prognosis prediction system based on a multi-sequence nuclear magnetic imaging, and relates to the technical field of tumor prognosis prediction. According to the invention, through the single-mode tumor and peritumoral feature multi-graph fusion module, the whole tumor is taken as a global feature, the peritumoral region is subjected to local feature and global guidance local feature fusion is carried out, so that introduction of excessive redundant features can be avoided, and heterogeneity features of the tumor and the peritumoral region can be fully utilized, so that the interpretability of the model is improved; according to the method, multi-modal spatial features are divided into two-order neighbor nodes through a multi-modal feature spatial topology slice fusion module, a public learnable feature vector is introduced, a multi-modal spatial topology relation is learned, the multi-modal features are utilized more effectively, and the accuracy of model prediction is improved; through the interval consistency control module and the KL divergence and interval consistency joint loss function, the consistency of the multi-sequence nuclear magnetic image feature expression ability is controlled, overfitting of the model can be avoided, and the generalization ability of the model is improved.

In embodiments, a method for configuring an intelligent agent to do a task based on spatial-temporal magnetic imaging data of the brain of a worker is disclosed. The method includes generating a brain region parameter indicating an active neocortex region associated with visual processing during performance of the task based on the spatial-temporal magnetic imaging data. The method further includes selecting a convolutional neural network (CNN) component type in response to a match between the brain region parameter and an associated CNN component type. The method includes configuring the intelligent agent based on the selected CNN component and a neocortical processing flow parameter derived using the spatial-temporal magnetic imaging data, wherein the intelligent agent is configured to process image data using the CNN component and provide an output of the CNN to another AI component via a data connection created based on the neocortical processing flow parameter.

The invention discloses a super-surface sub-terahertz inversion imaging method and system, and relates to the field of multi-dimensional electromagnetic imaging. The problems of view field mismatching, output delay, large-size imaging and the like existing in a directional aperture sharing TR framework of an existing APCI based on the metasurface are solved, synchronous extraction of sub-terahertz frequency band active scattering and passive radiation data is achieved through spatial staggered layout and related average processing technologies, and the system has the advantages that the system is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and the system is easy to popularize and use. And a solution is provided for single-region information decoupling and multi-target fusion imaging. The highly integrated and high-throughput sub-terahertz APCI technology promotes the development of the detection system towards the direction of miniaturized deployment and real-time data reading. Besides, a non-imaging security check scheme is also introduced, non-interactive autonomous identification and hidden monitoring of hidden objects in public scenes are realized, and the method is also suitable for the application fields of aircraft navigation positioning, abnormity monitoring, non-interactive hidden security check and the like.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and device for testing foam seepage characteristics of a heterogeneous porous medium, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of fluid mechanics and nuclear magnetic resonance. The method comprises the steps that a heterogeneous porous medium sample with a clear permeability level difference is prepared, and the permeability level difference of the heterogeneous porous medium sample is determined; setting test parameters according to the permeability level difference of the sample, calibrating imaging parameters of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment, and setting a weighting mode; performing foam flooding treatment on the sample according to the set injection parameters, acquiring a spectrum of the sample according to the test parameters when foam is injected into a set amount, and acquiring nuclear magnetic imaging of the sample through low-field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment according to imaging parameters and a weighting mode; according to the relaxation characteristic of the spectrum, the main peak endpoint value is used for dividing the pore channel, the foam sweep degree is calculated according to the spectrum peak area of the spectrum, and the foam plugging strength is calculated according to the signal amplitude of nuclear magnetic imaging. According to the method, the problems of poor visualization adaptability and lack of evaluation systems in the prior art are solved.

Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to conform magnetic field sensors to a target geometry. In some examples, an apparatus is configured to conform to a target geometry. The apparatus comprises a sensor mount and a sensor array. The sensor mount comprises a flexible state for a first environmental condition and a rigid state for a second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the flexible state to the rigid state when the first environmental condition transitions to the second environmental condition. The sensor mount transitions from the rigid state to the flexible state when the second environmental condition transitions to the first environmental condition. The sensor array is coupled to the sensor mount.

In one embodiment, a method implemented by an electromagnetic imaging system for imaging material within a metal container, the method comprising: transmitting to. and receiving signals from, a plurality of antennas attached to an interior wall of the metal container, the signals delivered over a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of antennas comprising a ferrite loaded, shielded half-loop antenna; measuring a plurality of scattering parameters (S-parameters) for all of the plurality of channels; calibrating the measurements; and providing an image of the material using an inversion algorithm based on the calibrated measurements.

The invention discloses an anomalous body positioning method and system combining borehole transient electromagnetic and geological radar, and relates to the technical field of mine safety detection, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously collecting the borehole transient electromagnetic data and geological radar data of an ore body to be analyzed, and generating a borehole transient electromagnetic imaging graph and a borehole geological radar imaging graph; two-dimensional coordinates of a target abnormal point in the borehole geological radar imaging graph are extracted, and the corresponding target apparent resistivity is determined; drawing an apparent resistivity contour map based on the target apparent resistivity in a target radial sectioning map of the borehole transient electromagnetic imaging map, and determining a plurality of candidate three-dimensional coordinates of a target abnormal point; at least one target feature point is selected from the borehole geological radar imaging graph, and the feature apparent resistivity corresponding to the target feature point is determined; and drawing a feature circle based on the target feature points, and screening the plurality of candidate three-dimensional coordinates to obtain coordinates of the geological anomalous body. According to the invention, the technical problem of insufficient positioning precision and reliability in the prior art is solved.

The application provides an underwater rock mass crack positioning and repairing method based on acoustic emission and electromagnetic fusion, acquires acoustic emission signals of underwater rock mass through an acoustic emission monitoring module, extracts acoustic emission features, and determines a crack area based on a time difference positioning algorithm; applies current excitation in the crack area through an electromagnetic imaging module, and acquires potential responses through an electrode array; establishes an electromagnetic field inverse problem model based on the potential responses, and obtains a conductivity characteristic parameter; determines a crack grade based on the acoustic emission features and the conductivity characteristic parameter, and generates a repairing instruction when the crack grade exceeds a preset threshold; and performs reinforcement work in the crack area according to the repairing instruction. Multiple modules complement each other, reduce misjudgment and missed detection, and improve the reliability and resolution of crack identification.

In one embodiment, a system comprising: a container configured to store commodity; a measurement system comprising a vector network analyzer (VNA), a switch module, a plurality of cables, the container, and a plurality of antennas coupled to interior walls of the container, the switch module configured to switch signals transmitted to and received from the plurality of antennas via a plurality of channels, the VNA configured to measure scattering parameters (S-parameters) of all of the plurality of channels; a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising software; and a processor configured by the software to: de-embed a combined effect of the measurement system based on a 2-port network de-embedding technique using only a subset of the S-parameters; and provide an image of the commodity using an inversion algorithm based on input of a calibrated S-parameter after the de-embedding.

The present disclosure provides a modular radiation therapy apparatus comprising a plurality of modules configured to sequentially interlock within one another in an annular arrangement, wherein the plurality of modules are individually extractable from the annular arrangement and at least a subset of the plurality of modules comprise computing elements configured to communicate with one another, the plurality of modules comprising a collimator module comprising a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) and at least one sensor, a linear accelerator (LINAC) module comprising at least one of a magnetron or a klystron, at least one imaging module comprising at least one of an image detector, an imaging source, a magnetic imaging system, a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system, or a positron emission tomography (PET) system, a patient tracking module, a cooling module, and a vacuum module, and performing at least one of: monitoring a respective status of the plurality of modules via onboard sensors and computing elements to determine whether any module is in an error state and provisioning status information and module identifiers to a remote computing environment; or distributing computational workloads among the plurality of modules and communicating with a remote computing environment to offload processing tasks using federated processing operations.

A coil for single-sided magnetic resonance imaging is disclosed. The coil is configured to generate a magnetic field outwards away from the coil. The coil includes a first ring and a second ring having different diameters and the current flows through the coil to generate the magnetic field in a region of interest. A method of imaging via a magnetic imaging apparatus is also disclosed. The method includes providing a power source and providing a coil that includes a first ring and a second ring having different diameters. The method includes turning on the power source so as to flow a current through the coil to generate a magnetic field in a region of interest. The method also includes selectively turning on a particular set of electronic components so as to pulse the magnetic field in a narrower frequency range.

Described herein are compact MRI systems having (i) an open, field-cycling magnet configured to produce and cycle between a first and second non-uniform B0 different from the first non-uniform B0, and (ii) a second component configured to produce a nonlinear spatial encoding gradient. Importantly, the open, field-cycling magnet and the spatial encoding gradients are customized to a specific imaging application. In particular, the second component contains one or several nonlinear DC gradient coils for spatial encoding. It also contains one or several a radiofrequency coils geometrically configured to have a non-planar configuration. Lastly, both the RF coils and DC encoding gradients are tailored specifically to the first non-uniform B0 magnetic field, the second non-uniform B0 magnetic field, or both. Artificial intelligence models trained to read imaging data can be incorporated as a component of the MRI systems. Also described are methods of using the disclosed MRI systems.

The application discloses a kind of based on N2V and EMI removal algorithm's electromagnetic imaging detection dual denoising method and device, the present application is by introducing N2V algorithm to carry out image noise to the image after initial denoising, and using the image after adding noise to carry out secondary denoising training;Thus, it can utilize secondary denoising model, to the initial denoising nuclear magnetic resonance image secondary denoising processing, to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance image with better denoising effect, based on this, the present application can be in the case of lacking real image secondary denoising training, realizes the secondary denoising processing of nuclear magnetic resonance image, solves the restriction that image secondary denoising training cannot be carried out in traditional technology due to lack of clean image and noise image pair, whereby, the present application can further improve image quality, applicable in the field of ultra-low field MRI equipment imaging image denoising Large-scale application and popularization.

The invention provides a sub-meter buried unexploded ordnance detection and identification method based on correlation three-dimensional magnetic imaging, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining ground surface magnetic anomaly measured data and corresponding trajectory data of a detection region, and dividing a local anomaly region according to a magnetic anomaly change rate; dividing the underground space corresponding to the local abnormal region into three-dimensional grids based on the local abnormal region, calculating the theoretical magnetic anomaly of each grid node based on a magnetic dipole model, obtaining a normalized local correlation coefficient point by point with the measured data of the magnetic anomaly, and reserving nodes higher than a preset threshold as candidate nodes; taking error minimization between theoretical magnetic anomaly of the candidate node and magnetic anomaly measured data as a fitness function, and obtaining an optimal magnetization parameter and an optimal local correlation imaging coefficient based on particle swarm optimization iterative optimization; and based on the optimal local correlation imaging coefficient, carrying out integration according to a spatial position, generating a three-dimensional magnetic imaging result of the detection area, and obtaining a contour parameter and a spatial position of the sub-meter buried unexploded ordnance.

The utility model relates to the technical field of nuclear magnetic resonance detection, and discloses a heat insulation structure and a nuclear magnetic probe, the heat insulation structure is suitable for being installed in the nuclear magnetic probe and comprises a supporting assembly and a heat insulation assembly, the supporting assembly comprises two supporting pieces and an installation piece, the two supporting pieces are oppositely arranged, the installation piece is arranged between the two supporting pieces, and the heat insulation assembly is arranged between the two supporting pieces. The two ends of the mounting piece are connected with the supporting pieces respectively, any supporting piece is provided with a penetrating part, the mounting piece is provided with a placing part, the placing part is communicated with the penetrating part, and the placing part is suitable for placing a sample; the heat insulation assembly is arranged between the two supporting pieces and the mounting piece in a sleeving mode and is provided with a vacuum cavity, and the inner wall face of the vacuum cavity is subjected to silver plating treatment; the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation structure is improved, the heat insulation structure is not provided with a metal shielding layer, eddy current cannot be generated in an alternating magnetic field, the situation that nuclear magnetic imaging quality is poor or imaging cannot be achieved cannot be caused, the heat insulation structure is easy to install, and the overall assembly difficulty of the probe can be reduced.

The invention discloses a method for researching an MOF (Metal Organic Framework) synthesis process by utilizing a low-field nuclear magnetic imaging device, and belongs to the technical field of material synthesis process analysis. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a metal source solution and an organic ligand solution; one of the solutions is selected for low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time measurement, and imaging sequence parameters are optimized; mixing the two solutions, and immediately putting the mixed solution into a low-field nuclear magnetic imaging device; and carrying out continuous relaxation time weighted imaging and layered relaxation time measurement on the reaction process by using the optimized imaging sequence. The lossless, in-situ, visual and quantitative monitoring of the metal-organic framework material in the nucleation, growth and sedimentation process is realized by analyzing the change of image signal intensity in time and space and the change trend of relaxation time (such as T2 value) of different liquid layers along with time. According to the method, required equipment is simple, operation is convenient and fast, and an innovative research means is provided for deeply understanding the MOF synthesis mechanism and optimizing the synthesis process.

The invention discloses an energy storage battery micro internal short circuit identification method based on quantum magnetic imaging and a related device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an image of magnetic field change of a to-be-judged battery within a period of time; and inputting the image of the magnetic field change of the to-be-judged battery within a period of time into a battery micro internal short circuit identification model based on magnetic imaging to determine whether the to-be-judged battery has a micro internal short circuit fault, and the method and the related device can accurately identify whether the energy storage battery has a micro internal short circuit.

The invention discloses an anomalous body boundary demarcation method based on borehole transient electromagnetic and geological radar cooperation, and relates to the technical field of mine safety detection, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously collecting borehole transient electromagnetic data and borehole geological radar data of a to-be-analyzed ore body, and respectively generating corresponding images; extracting a first abnormal data coordinate set of the transient electromagnetic imaging graph, extracting a second abnormal data coordinate set in the geological radar imaging graph, and calculating an overlapping degree; if the overlapping degree exceeds a preset threshold value, respectively calculating the distance of the corresponding coordinates, and removing the corresponding coordinates of which the distance is greater than a preset dynamic threshold value; and respectively carrying out weighted fusion and spatial correction on corresponding coordinates in the screened first coordinate set and the screened second coordinate set based on the normalized weight to obtain a geological anomalous body boundary range result of the to-be-analyzed ore body. The technical problems that in the prior art, abnormal body boundary delimiting precision is low, reliability is poor, and three-dimensional accurate positioning is difficult to achieve are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic imaging, and discloses a multi-polarization driven learning electromagnetic imaging target detection method, model and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining four linear polarization images of a to-be-detected target, carrying out the first feature extraction of the four linear polarization images through convolution operation, and obtaining four first features; fusing the four first features to obtain a first fused feature, and performing operation on the first fused feature and each first feature by using a cross attention mechanism to obtain four first enhanced features; and repeating the above steps to sequentially perform second feature extraction, second feature fusion, third feature extraction and third feature fusion, finally inputting the first fusion feature, the second fusion feature and the third fusion feature into a detection head module, and performing calculation according to a preset mode to obtain image features of to-be-detected targets with large, medium and small scales. And integrating the image features of the three scales to obtain a final detection result. The detection method can realize high-efficiency and high-precision target detection.

The application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic imaging, in particular to a three-dimensional target electromagnetic property perception method based on a reconfigurable intelligent surface, which comprises the following steps: configuring parameters of an electromagnetic imaging system, generating RIS unit scattering coefficients based on mutual coherence optimization by adopting an MCBB algorithm; configuring the scattering coefficients on the RIS, scattering and reconstructing electromagnetic waves generated by a transmitting antenna; linearly correlating contrast parameters of a measurement target with received scattering field data by adopting a linear measurement model; and finally, inverting the target electromagnetic property by utilizing mt_cs. The application realizes high-precision inversion of the target electromagnetic property in the RIS-assisted imaging framework by optimizing and designing the super-surface reflection coefficient and constructing a measurement matrix with multi-dimensional low cross-correlation characteristics.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical materials, in particular to a gadolinium oxide-based nano preparation as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the preparation comprises the following steps: preparing gadolinium oxide nanoparticles through a hydrothermal method and amination modification, and dissolving the gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in deionized water to obtain a contrast agent solution; dropwise adding the nano-particles into a gold source solution under stirring at a certain temperature to obtain nano-particles with core-shell structures; and finally, slowly adding the synthesized dispersant solution of the water-soluble polymer into the core-shell nanoparticle solution to obtain a gadolinium oxide-based nano preparation solution. And performing post-treatment such as dialysis, freeze drying and the like to obtain the core-shell structure nanoparticles based on the gadolinium oxide nano preparation. The invention relates to a gadolinium oxide-based nano preparation for cancer diagnosis and treatment, gadolinium oxide is used as an MRI contrast agent, and a gold shell is grown on the periphery of the gadolinium oxide as a photo-thermal preparation; the hydrogel has the characteristics of good biocompatibility and the like, and has an important practical prospect in the field of preparation of diagnosis and treatment integrated medicines.

Apparatus for electromagnetic imaging and switch matrices are disclosed. The switch matrix can include a transmission port couplable to an RF measurement unitto receive an electromagnetic transmission signal, a reception port couplable to the RF measurement unit to transmit an electromagnetic reception signal, a plurality of transceiver ports couplable to transceivers positioned around a subject; and a plurality of PCB layers arranged in a stack, and a control port couplable to a controller for receiving at least one control signal. The PCB layers include a reception layer, a transmission layer, and at least four intermediate layers between the transmission layer and the reception layer. At least two intermediate layers are electrically grounded to provide radio frequency isolation between the transmission and reception layers. The transmission and reception layers includes a plurality of switches. The at least one control signal controls the plurality of switches in a plurality of operating states.