The invention discloses a defect detection method and system for a large-resolution image, and the method comprises the following steps of S1, carrying out the transverse and longitudinal sliding on adefect image through employing a sliding window with a certain size, and obtaining a plurality of partition images; S2, carrying out the defect detection on each partition image through a target detection model obtained based on small-resolution image training, obtaining a result set describing a target detection box, wherein the detection result of each target detection box comprises a probability classification value of a defect type contained in the target detection box; S3, calculating the Euclidean distance between two adjacent target detection frames in the result set in sequence, whenthe Euclidean distance is smaller than a window fusion threshold value, fusing the two target detection frames, and taking the target detection frame with the maximum probability classification valueas a defect detection result. According to the present invention, the defect detection of a large-resolution image is realized through a sliding segmentation and window fusion mode, the micro defectscannot be lost, and the overdetection or missing detection is avoided.