The invention discloses a thermophotovoltaic power generation device and method during continuous casting process. The thermophotovoltaic power generation device comprises a high-temperature casting, a reflection wall, an optical filter module, a linear Fresnel lens module, a cooling air channel, an immersed thermophotovoltaic cell panel module, a support and a cooling fan, wherein light rays peripherally emitted from the high-temperature casting are reflected by the reflection wall many times and reach the optical filter module, the light rays which can be absorbed by a thermophotvoltaic cell pass through the optical filter, reach the linear Fresnel lens module, and focused on the cell surface of the immersed thermophotovoltaic cell panel module by passing through the linear Fresnel lens, and thus thermophotovoltaic power generation and electric energy output are achieved. The cooling fan is used for providing cooling air for the cooling air channel and timely removing dissipation heat of the immersed thermophotovoltaic cell so that the immersed thermophotovoltaic cell is kept at a low temperature. The thermophotovoltaic power generation device has the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, high power generation efficiency, low power generation cost, low heat dissipation loss, long service life of the battery, running reliability, convenience in installation and maintenance and the like, and can be widely applied to the continuous casting process in metallurgical industry.