The invention discloses a retinal fundus image preprocessing method. The retinal fundus image preprocessing method is characterized by including the steps of 1), reading an original image, namely reading the original image of the retinal fundus through a green channel; 2), removing blood vessel center light reflex; 3), removing salt-and-pepper noise; 4), smoothing noise; 5), conducting background extraction; 6), obtaining a shadow correction image; 7), obtaining a homogenization image; 8), solving a complementary image; 9), obtaining a blood vessel enhanced image; 10), outputting the enhanced image. The retinal fundus image preprocessing method has the advantages that the method enables the processed retinal image to be better in image quality and richer in information quantity, reserved enhancement of useful information such as blood vessels, optic disks and central foveae in the retinal image is achieved, and feature extraction, segmentation and recognition of the retinal image are improved.