The invention discloses a method and a system for processing and analyzing a blood vessel image, and provides a quantitative method for correlational researches such as researches about geometric and three-dimensional network characteristics and laws of a blood vessel network. According to the technical scheme, the method includes the steps of firstly, inputting a three-dimensional blood vessel image to the system, then obtaining relevant various characteristic parameters through isotropic interpolation, area-of-interest extraction, appropriate threshold-value blood vessel segmentation, connected region extraction, small-region elimination, morphological processing, blood vessel network central line extraction and three-dimensional image reconstruction and visualization operation, and sending and displaying a result to a user, and the characteristic parameters comprise blood vessel areas, blood vessel sizes, blood vessel lengths, the blood vessel segment number, blood vessel diameters, blood vessel density distribution, the loop blood vessel number in the blood vessel network, loop relevant segment ratios, weighted average series and the like.