The invention discloses an electroencephalogram channel optimization method based on combination of deep learning and sparse learning. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a model driving experiment is used for collecting a data set, samples in a source domain and a target domain tend to be balanced through data expansion, sparse learning and domain adversarial learning are conducted on the balanced samples, and the design initial intention is to minimize loss values of a label predictor and a discriminator at the same time; based on the purpose, an objective function is designed, themodel has the feature selection capability by adding L21norm, in addition, GAN is used, and the robustness and generalization capability of the model are improved to a certain extent. And finally, inthe experimental evaluation stage, on one hand, the performance of the method is independently evaluated, and on the other hand, the performance is compared with other channel optimization algorithm items, and unique advantages are obtained. On the other hand, on the premise that the accuracy is guaranteed, the number of channels can be effectively reduced, and therefore the burden and expenditureof the system are reduced.