The invention discloses a tuned liquid damper design method and device, a medium and equipment, wherein the method comprises the steps: firstly, carrying out TLD preliminary design, and obtaining TLD preliminary design parameters; analyzing the sensitivity of the TLD damping ratio of the structure-TLD coupling system under the action of the wind load, and fitting a relation curve of the TLD response and the TLD damping ratio; based on TLD current design parameters, conducting TLD vibration reduction performance vibration table test or numerical simulation analysis, obtaining the liquid sloshing frequency ft', and fitting a TLD damping ratio and TLD response relation curve; obtaining damping ratios which can be provided by the TLD under the action of wind loads in different return periods, and judging whether the current ft' of the TLD and the response of a controlled structure can meet a control target or not; if not, adjusting the TLD design parameters, calculating the liquid sloshing frequency ft' and the damping ratio till the obtained ft' and the response of the controlled structure meet the control target, and obtaining the final design result of the TLD. According to the invention, the design of the TLD is more detailed and accurate.