The invention discloses an instrument and method for measuring the volume fissure rate of rock, and the instrument comprises a substrate, a skeleton, a fissure aiming device, a fixing device, and a hand-cranking device. A screw rod rotates under the action of the hand-cranking device, and drives the fissure aiming device on the fixing device to move up and down through threaded transmission. During measurement, the substrate is placed on the rack, and a plane where the substrate is parallel to an extending plane of fissures of a fissure group of a to-be-detected rock. A plane where a laser beam and a zero scale line on a calibrated scale on a side surface of the substrate is parallel to an extending plane of fissures of the fissure group of the to-be-detected rock, and one fissure of the fissure group of the to-be-detected rock is taken as the start point for the measurement from the bottom to the top. The true fissure width of each fissure in the fissure group and the distance between each fissure and the start point are recorded, wherein the measured fissure width is the true fissure width. The measurement data is accurate, and provides parameters for the calculation of the volume fissure rate of rock. The instrument is smaller in size, is light, and is portable. The application method is simple, so the instrument is suitable for the measurement of the volume fissure rate of outdoor rocks.