The invention discloses a split assembling mechanism of a common rail injection system of a diesel engine, which comprises a base, a common rail pipe fixing component and an oil injector fixing component. In the split assembling mechanism, a common rail pipe and an oil injector are respectively fixed to mounting positions opposite to each other, and an oil pipe and relative sealing joints are mounted hermetically. After being mounted, the integral common rail injection system is subjected to hermetical detection and then mounted on an engine after being qualified in the hermetical detection. Since the assembling of the common rail injection system and the process of mounting the common rail injection system onto the engine which have the same requirements for clean environment are carried out simultaneously, assembling time is saved, assembling efficiency is higher, the single unit occupies smaller clean space but requires shorter assembling cycle, and the split assembling mechanism is applicable to assembling of diesel engines in various types. Further, to the small-size diesel engines, limitation on assembling space is removed, assembling difficulty is reduced and working efficiency is improved favorably. Meanwhile, testing of the engine body is omitted in the online leakage test for sealing joints of parts of the injection system, so that test is simplified relatively and production cost is reduced.