The invention aims to provide a real-time plugging device for undersea oil-leaking pipelines. The device is characterized by including a central rod, two guide wheel mechanisms, expansion mechanisms, guide pillars, a clamp basal body, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors and two screw rods, wherein a central block and a top hydraulic cylinder are mounted on the central rod, the central rod is connected with the guide pillars and a first hydraulic cylinder through the central block, the central rod is sleeved by both of the guide wheel mechanisms, the expansion mechanisms are mounted on the central rod and located between the two guide wheel mechanisms, the guide pillars are mounted on the clamp basal body, the two screw rods are also mounted on the clamp basal body, a second hydraulic cylinder is mounted on a first screw rod, and the hydraulic motors are respectively mounted on the two screw rods. The real-time plugging device for undersea oil leakage pipelines provided by the invention achieves underwater unmanned operation, and can plug an oil-leaking undersea petroleum pipeline in a real time manner under the high pressure environment as deep as 1,500m underwater.