The invention provides a modular connection joint of a steel structure. The modular connection joint comprises a first joint, a second joint and a connection block, wherein a positioning post is arranged on the end surface of the first joint, a first connecting groove is formed in the face, adjacent to the end face, of the first joint, the end face of the second joint is provided with a positioning hole, and a second connecting groove is formed in the face, adjacent to the end face, of the second joint, the positioning post corresponds to the positioning hole, the first connecting groove corresponds to the second connecting groove in position, and the first connecting groove and the second connecting groove are connected through the connection block. The radial fixation between the first joint and the second joint is achieved through cooperation of the positioning post and the positioning hole, and axial fixation is achieved through the connection block so that the first joint and thesecond joint can bear radial stress and also bear an axial force, a fixing way is simple, large-batch modular production can be achieved, modular assembly can also be achieved, and the assembly efficiency is improved.