A method and a device of laser impact and thermal spraying composite coating preparation relates to the nontraditional machining field. At first, the invention uses a thermal spraying device to spay powder onto the surface of a metal substrate in order to form a coating. The invention is characterized in that laser is used to impact the metal substrate surface coated with the coating and the coating which has low porosity, high bonding strength and compression stress is formed. The device implementing the method comprises a computer control device, a thermal spraying system I, a laser impact system II, a sealed treatment room, a clamping device, a five-axis workbench and a vacuum pump, which are connected in turn. The thermal spraying system I comprises the thermal spraying device and sprayed powder. The laser impact system II comprises a nanosecond laser generator, laser beam, a light pipe, a 45 degrees totally reflective mirror, a facula adjusting device, a K9 glass window and an automatic spraying system. The invention can form the coating on the surface of the metal, increase the porosity of the coating, improve the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate and change the state of residual stress.