The invention discloses a self-adjusting magnetorheological damper for vibration reduction of a pipeline. The self-adjusting magnetorheological damper for vibration reduction of the pipeline comprisesan upper pipe clamp, a lower pipe clamp, a piston rod, a cylinder cover, a damper cylinder body, a magnetic isolation cover, a spring upper pressing disc, a self-adjusting spring, a spring lower pressing disc, a permanent magnet, a magnetic isolation cover sealing cover, a magnetic isolation disc and magnetorheological damping fluid; the self-adjusting magnetorheological damper is applied to pipeline vibration reduction of petroleum and petrochemical industry, high temperature and high pressure, oil and gas transportation and inflammable and explosive media, and compared with an actively controlled magnetorheological damper and other self-adjusting magnetorheological dampers, the self-adjusting magnetorheological damper is simple in structure, convenient to disassemble and assemble, freeof complex threading and control parts, single in equipment fault point, convenient to maintain and capable of saving cost. According to Newton's first law and Hooke's law, the permanent magnet stretches and retracts in the closed magnetic isolation cover along with the vibration of the pipeline, the magnetic induction intensity exposed from the magnetic isolation cover is different due to different volumes of the permanent magnet exposed out of the magnetic isolation cover, the damping size of the magnetorheological damper is changed, and the vibration reduction function of the pipeline is realized.