30results about How to "Clear identification" patented technology

The invention discloses an optical fiber winding detection method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an optical pulse transmission signal transmitted by an optical time domain reflectometer to a to-be-detected optical fiber, and receiving a reflected optical pulse reflection signal; respectively carrying out signal waveform feature extraction on the optical pulse transmission signal and the optical pulse reflection signal to obtain a transmission signal waveform semantic feature map and a reflection signal waveform semantic feature map; processing the transmitted signal waveform semantic feature map and the reflected signal waveform semantic feature map to obtain a transmitted signal waveform semantic saliency feature map and a reflected signal waveform semantic saliency feature map; performing nonlinear correlation interaction processing on the transmitted signal waveform semantic saliency feature map and the reflected signal waveform semantic saliency feature map to obtain a transmitted signal-reflected signal waveform semantic correlation feature map; the classifier outputs an optical fiber winding identification result according to the transmitted signal-reflected signal waveform semantic association feature map; the method can improve the accuracy of optical fiber winding identification.

The invention discloses a fault positioning system and method for intelligent terminal equipment. The system comprises the intelligent terminal equipment and a server side, the agent program is used for acquiring equipment state information of the intelligent terminal equipment and sending the equipment state information to the server; the filter module is used for carrying out average value filtering processing and data standardization processing on the equipment state information to obtain smooth data; the isolated forest module is used for inputting the smooth data into a pre-constructed isolated forest algorithm model to obtain abnormal data; the decision tree module is used for inputting the abnormal data into a preset fault decision tree model to obtain fault related information; the preset fault decision tree model is constructed by learning a historical fault data set; and the fault processing module is used for carrying out fault positioning according to the fault related information. The multi-level algorithm combination improves the adaptability and flexibility of the fault positioning system, reduces the manual intervention, and improves the fault positioning speed and reliability.

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle detection method based on an ecological restoration technology, belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and solves the problem that a monitoring camera cannot realize omnibearing coverage in the unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring process in the existing ecological restoration technology, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, before ecological restoration, carrying out large-scale investigation through an unmanned aerial vehicle; according to the method, partial core areas or areas worthy of attention are selected to carry out field detection, environmental elements (temperature, moisture and soil) are evaluated, a monitoring mechanism and a swing mechanism are arranged, the vegetation condition and terrain and landform data in the areas can be monitored in real time, a three-dimensional model of the areas is constructed through the monitored data subsequently, and the real-time monitoring of the areas is realized. According to the technical scheme, a corresponding ecological restoration plan can be conveniently made according to known data, the angle of the monitoring assembly can be flexibly adjusted in the monitoring process, the equipment can clearly and accurately recognize various conditions and data of the current area, the equipment monitoring accuracy is improved, and therefore the working quality of the equipment is improved.

The invention discloses an industrial control time series data anomaly detection method based on deep learning, and relates to the technical field of time series data anomaly detection of an industrial control system.The method comprises the steps that an auto-encoder and a memory enhancement auto-encoder are fused into a double-branch memory enhancement auto-encoder network model; a cutting normalization layer is introduced into an input layer of a network model to cut and screen values exceeding the boundary of the maximum value or the minimum value in a set range, and cosine similarity in a memory module of the network model is replaced by mean square error to expand difference between abnormal data, so that similarity between time series data is obtained, and the time series data is obtained. And meanwhile, a regular term is added into a loss function of an output layer of the network model to measure the similarity between time sequence data and screen abnormal data, so that abnormal information in a complex time sequence can be recognized more clearly, and a detection result closer to an actual condition can be obtained.

The invention provides a bottom template foreign matter detection method and system based on laser radar scanning, and relates to the field of radar detection, and the method comprises the steps: scanning the surface of a bottom template through a laser radar, collecting point cloud data, and storing the data; the method comprises the following steps of: acquiring data, performing denoising and down-sampling on the acquired data, analyzing geometrical characteristics, selecting a registration reference area, calculating FPFH characteristics, performing coarse registration by using an RANSAC algorithm, performing fine registration by using an ICP algorithm, clustering by using a DBSCAN algorithm, visualizing point cloud data by using a Plot library, and finally identifying foreign matters by combining priori knowledge so as to clean a foreign matter area by using washing equipment. And the bottom template is ensured to be clean through multiple times of scanning and processing. According to the technical scheme, the bottom formwork can be rapidly scanned, the plane point cloud model graph can be formed, the garbage distribution position and the residue number of the bottom formwork are determined, and therefore cleaning work is guided, redundant and repeated cleaning workloads are reduced, it is ensured that the cleaning effect is practical and effective, and it is ensured that the apparent quality of a concrete bottom plate reaches the standard.

This invention relates to a digital radiographic inspection method and apparatus for wind turbine blades, belonging to the field of wind turbine blade inspection technology. The method includes: placing and fixing the turbine blade on a blade fixture; mounting the X-ray machine on the X-ray machine fixture; defining a detection grid in the inspection area of ​​the turbine blade; tightly attaching and fixing the X-ray flat panel detector to the turbine blade; and sequentially inspecting each grid of the turbine blade according to the detection grid. This invention, through the combination of the blade fixture, the X-ray machine fixture, the X-ray machine, and the X-ray flat panel detector, constitutes a digital radiographic inspection apparatus for turbine blades. This apparatus enables the detection of defects in wind turbine blades. The inspection method of this invention is simple and rapid; the inspection images obtained by this invention can clearly and accurately identify defects in wind turbine blades, with a defect detection rate of 100%.

The invention discloses a tubular corrugated guardrail lamp, and belongs to the field of road lamps. A tubular corrugated guardrail lamp comprises a corrugated baffle and further comprises a guardrail frame detachably installed on one side of the corrugated baffle, wiring structures arranged on the two sides of a lamp holder and used for rapidly connecting adjacent devices and circuits in series, a lamp tube arranged in the lamp holder, an installation structure arranged on one side of the lamp tube and a turnover structure arranged on one side in the lamp holder. Separation of the magnetic block and the magnetic sheet can be achieved by pulling the shell, the shell is smoothly taken out, the magnetic block is stably attracted to the magnetic sheet through magnetic force, the shell is fixed into the mounting base, meanwhile, the moving groove is pushed to flexibly slide in the moving block, the mounting angle of the shell can be manually adjusted, and the optimal lighting effect is achieved; the assembly and disassembly process is greatly simplified, tedious disassembly and reassembly steps are not needed, the maintenance period is remarkably shortened, and the efficiency and convenience of maintenance operation are improved.

The invention provides a pile foundation hole point fixing device for building pile foundation construction and a construction method thereof.The pile foundation hole point fixing device comprises a bottom plate, a connecting plate, a positioning cylinder, a driving assembly, a material storage assembly and a shielding assembly and is characterized by further comprising an adjusting assembly and a cleaning assembly, the connecting plate is fixedly installed on the rear side of the top of the bottom plate and is an L-shaped connecting plate, and the adjusting assembly is fixedly installed on the rear side of the top of the bottom plate; the positioning cylinder is vertically installed on the bottom plate, a driving assembly is arranged in an inner cavity of the positioning cylinder, an annular material storage assembly is arranged on the periphery of the bottom of the positioning cylinder, an adjusting assembly connected with the material storage assembly is arranged on the bottom plate, and a cleaning assembly is installed in an inner cavity of the bottom plate. Fixed-point powder scattering can be well controlled through the adjusting assembly, accurate positioning is achieved, waste is avoided, soil attached to the surface of a drill bit is cleaned through the cleaning assembly, and it is prevented that the soil is attached to the surface of the drill bit for a long time, and the drill bit is damaged.

The present invention provides a system and method for navigating within the heart and attaching to the heart wall to perform injection of one or more agents into tissue. The system includes an outer catheter, an intermediate catheter slidably disposed within the lumen of the outer catheter, and a needle catheter slidably disposed within the lumen of the intermediate catheter. The intermediate catheter includes a vacuum hood attached to the distal end of the intermediate catheter so that the radiopaque distal tip of the intermediate catheter extends into the vacuum hood. The vacuum hood includes at least two radiopaque features, and the spatial relationship of the radiopaque features is visually changed under fluoroscopy when the vacuum hood is under a sealed vacuum.

The application discloses a kind of car gauge level dynamic polarization modulation optical systems and methods.Belongs to the technical field of automobile lighting, system includes: light source module is used to emit unpolarized light;Polarization state modulation module is arranged on the light path of light source module, for dynamically modulating unpolarized light into the emergent light with arbitrary target polarization state according to driving voltage, target polarization state includes linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light;Driving circuit is used to provide driving voltage;Environment perception module is used to collect environmental data and vehicle state data in real time;Master module is used to determine target polarization state according to environmental data and vehicle state data, and control driving circuit to output corresponding driving voltage.The application realizes the on-demand dynamic switching of car light beam polarization state, takes into account the glare suppression under bad weather and the road surface mark identification under sunny day, and can be matched with automatic driving sensor, and improves safety.

The utility model discloses a digital countdown traffic light convenient to maintain, which comprises a shell, a panel and a shielding unit, the shell is provided with two mounting cavities, each mounting cavity is provided with an opening part, two door plates are hinged to the panel, the two opening parts can be respectively closed by the two door plates, digital lights are mounted at the door plates, and the shielding unit is arranged on the panel. The shielding unit is fixedly connected with the panel through a fixing bolt, each door plate is provided with a semicircular through hole and a semicircular groove, the semicircular through holes of the two door plates form a stud through hole through which a stud part of the fixing bolt can pass, and the two semicircular grooves form a nut containing groove capable of containing a nut part of the fixing bolt. According to the traffic light, the two door plates can be conveniently closed, installed and fixed, so that the installation and maintenance process is simpler and more convenient. And the shielding unit is convenient to install, so that better sun-shading and rain-shielding effects are achieved, and a driver can clearly recognize traffic signals under various weather conditions.

The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic scanning, and discloses an ultrasonic scanning holographic projection device, comprising a scanning gun, a controller and a holographic projector, wherein the scanning gun has a hand grip and a scanning head for ultrasonic scanning at a position to be scanned; the scanning gun and the holographic projector are electrically connected to the controller respectively; the holographic projector comprises a projection head and an air jet strip, the air jet strip has an air jet port in a strip shape for jetting from bottom to top, the air jet from the air jet port forms an air flow wall, and the projection head is arranged facing the air flow wall; the scanning gun transmits scanning data to the controller, the controller converts the scanning data into a three-dimensional model, and the projection head projects the three-dimensional model onto the air flow wall; the scanning head of the scanning gun is used to scan the position to be scanned, and the scanning data is transmitted to the controller, the controller converts the scanning data into a three-dimensional model, and the projection head projects the three-dimensional model onto the air flow wall, and the user can intuitively and clearly identify the scanning part by viewing the model.

The invention relates to the technical field of VR equipment, in particular to an optical imaging lens of VR glasses, which comprises a mounting frame and a VR glasses main body for fixing the mounting frame, two lens main bodies and a driving gear are arranged on the mounting frame, and lenses, nuts, racks and ball screws rotationally mounted in the nuts are arranged on the two lens main bodies. And a small motor is arranged in the VR glasses main body. The rotating speed ratio of the two ball screws can be changed through the speed change assembly, the distance between the two lens bodies and the eyes of a user can be rapidly and adaptively adjusted, and an image observed by the eyes of the user can be rapidly in a clear state according to the actual myopia degree of the eyes; according to the VR glasses main body, the lens main body can be conveniently adjusted to the position where the lens main body is respectively focused with the two eyes, the adjusting efficiency is improved, when other people use the VR glasses main body to carry out visual training, the position of the lens main body can be adjusted according to own degrees, and the applicability of the lens main body is improved.

The invention provides a network accelerator card signal indication method and device based on state feedback in the technical field of network equipment signal indication. The method comprises the following steps: S1, setting a first timer, a second timer and a third timer 3 by a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device); s2, after the network accelerator card is started, recording the power-on duration t2 of the CPU by taking the delta t2 as the time interval through the second timer; when the key is pressed down, recording the press-down duration t1 of the key by taking delta t1 as a time interval through the first timer, and recording the press-down duration t3 of the key by taking delta t3 as a time interval through the third timer; s3, based on the t1, the t2 and the t3, the CPLD identifies a key to trigger a startup and shutdown function, a reset function or a CMOS clearing function; and S4, in the operation process of the network accelerator card, controlling a double-color indicator lamp to indicate a starting state, a fault state or a host recognition state. The network accelerator card has the advantages that the functionality of the keys and the indicator lamps is greatly improved, and then the spatial layout of the network accelerator card is greatly optimized.

The utility model provides a warning device for building construction, which belongs to the technical field of building construction and comprises a shell, a warning device and a warning device. The sliding block is connected into the shell in a sliding manner; the rack is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding block; the warning board is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding block; the base is fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell; the circular hole is formed in one side end of the shell; the hollow groove is formed in the circumferential inner wall of the circular hole; each locking mechanism comprises a toothed plate, a connecting rod, a limiting block, a hollow rod, a spring and a sliding groove, the toothed plate is located in the shell, when the sliding block ascends and the rack is in a semi-suspended state, the connecting rod is reversely twisted to enable the device to restore, the toothed plate continues to be meshed with the semi-suspended rack, the sliding block is limited, and therefore the height of the warning board can be increased; the use at night is facilitated, the use effect is improved, and the construction safety is enhanced.

The utility model discloses an automatic identification device for a fly ash transport truck number, which relates to the field of automatic identification and comprises a ground, two vertical plates are arranged at the top of the ground, automatic lifting rods are arranged on the side walls of the vertical plates, sliding grooves are embedded in the tops of the automatic lifting rods, moving devices are arranged in the automatic lifting rods, and the moving devices are arranged on the ground. The moving device comprises a sliding groove embedded in the bottom of the automatic lifting rod, a sliding component is arranged on the side wall of the sliding groove, a moving block is arranged at the execution end of the sliding component, two connecting plates are arranged on the side wall of the moving block, a sliding block is arranged at one ends of the two connecting plates, and the sliding block is connected with the sliding component. The sliding block is connected with the automatic lifting rod in a sliding mode through the sliding groove, a monitoring device is arranged on the top of the sliding block, and the monitoring device comprises two fixing plates fixedly connected to the top of the sliding block. According to the utility model, the license plate and the camera can be cleaned through the moving device and the monitoring device, and the license plate of the fly ash transport truck can be recognized more clearly.

The application provides a glass, a curtain structure and an automobile. The glass comprises a first glass substrate; a light adjusting unit for adjusting the transmittance of light; and a light emitting unit comprising a first pattern display layer for selectively emitting light to display a pattern; wherein the light adjusting unit is arranged between the first glass substrate and the light emitting unit, or the light emitting unit is arranged between the first glass substrate and the light adjusting unit. In the glass provided by the application, the transmittance of light can be adjusted by the light adjusting unit according to the ambient light, so that the pattern displayed by the light emitting unit can be more clearly recognized by the user. Moreover, the display effect of the pattern, such as the stereoscopic effect, is better due to the structural design.

The utility model relates to a kind of quick deployment low-power intelligent luminous water gauge for water conservancy monitoring, including display unit, power supply unit and signal acquisition unit, its technical key points are: display unit includes rectangular water gauge shell, anti-UV acrylic transparent panel, UV printing layer, acrylic laser dotting light guide plate, ESR reflective film, LED lamp strip, power supply unit includes the control module of being built into the rear portion of rectangular water gauge shell, and the electric core and wireless charging receiving module connected with control module, signal acquisition unit includes the non-contact liquid level sensor connected with control module, light sensor and control master switch, the non-contact liquid level sensor includes the upper limit body and lower limit body on the upper and lower ends of rectangular water gauge shell rear portion, light sensor and control master switch are fixed on the top surface of rectangular water gauge shell.This water gauge has the advantages of being able to be installed quickly, self-powered, and clearly and intuitively displayed, and can meet the actual needs of flood prevention emergency monitoring.

This invention discloses a Redis multi-tenant management method, apparatus, and server. The method includes: obtaining configuration information of a first application, the configuration information including additional information and a listening port, wherein the additional information is unique for different applications; connecting to the Redis node corresponding to the first application based on the configuration information and listening on the listening port, the Redis node operating in cluster mode; obtaining a first instruction from the listening port, the first instruction being an instruction to access the Redis node; adding the additional information to the first instruction; and sending the first instruction with the added additional information to the Redis node. This solution, through a proxy, configures different additional information for different applications and adds corresponding additional information to the access instructions of each application, ensuring that data from different applications in the Redis cluster can be clearly identified based on the added information, without affecting each other.

The invention relates to an implementation method of an immersive visualization system for a high-speed train bogie mechanical structure. The implementation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preprocessing a bullet train bogie mechanical structure model; step 2, connection matrix construction and mechanical connection detection oriented to a complex mechanical structure; and step 3, generating a mechanical part set based on complex topological graph segmentation, and the like. The method disclosed by the invention has the superior technical effects that through an efficient visualization auxiliary technology in a multi-scale and multi-instance scene, association among all mechanical parts in a railway system can be accurately established, a clear connection network is formed, a complex mechanical structure can be comprehensively and deeply presented, and the reliability of the railway system is improved. According to the method and the system, a plurality of interactive modes such as an overall mode, a gathering mode and a part mode are creatively provided, so that a user can check different levels of the mechanical structure, visual interaction with the mechanical structures of different levels is realized through natural grasping operation, and a more comprehensive and deeper opportunity for knowing the mechanical structure is provided for the user.

The utility model provides a kind of lighting car light, it is related to lighting technical field, including light ray refracting plate, between light emitting component and outer cover, including reflecting wall and multiple refracting surface of alternative arrangement, light emitting component emitted light is directly shot to refracting surface or after reflecting wall reflection reaches refracting surface.Affirmative effect is through the synergies of multiple refracting surface of alternative arrangement and reflecting wall in light ray refracting plate, realize accurate control and efficient distribution to light, significantly increase light-emitting angle, effectively cover rear and lateral larger area of vehicle, reduce even eliminate the lighting blind area existing in traditional design;Light is guided and diffused multiple times by refracting surface, so that the light intensity distribution of illumination area is more uniform, meets the requirements of new national standard GB5920-2024 on road surface illumination, helps drivers to more clearly identify road obstacles, pedestrians and other vehicles, and improves the safety of operation in low-light environments.

The invention provides a lithium battery pole piece visual detection method and device, and the method comprises the steps: employing an industrial camera to collect a multi-angle image of a lithium battery pole piece, and employing a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor environment parameters in real time; the multi-angle image is preprocessed; performing feature extraction on the preprocessed multi-angle image by adopting a deep learning model to obtain multi-angle features; after defect identification is conducted on the multi-angle features through a trained neural network model, a defect identification result is obtained, and the trained neural network model adopts a self-adaptive threshold strategy considering environment parameters. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the visual detection precision of the lithium battery pole piece can be improved by considering environmental factors and adopting the adaptive threshold strategy.

The invention provides a vehicle auxiliary lighting method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of vehicle control, the method comprises the steps that the environment state of a vehicle is determined according to acquired environment brightness, and the environment brightness comprises the light intensity of the environment where the vehicle is located; and when the environment state is a low environment brightness state, the side lamp is lightened according to the dynamic state of the vehicle, so that effective warning signals are sent to other vehicles and pedestrians, and the accident risk is reduced.

The present invention belongs to the field of unmanned equipment automation control, and specifically provides an unmanned equipment cluster collaborative exploration method equipped with a reinforcement learning intelligent agent, which can effectively enhance the unmanned cluster's collaborative exploration capability for unknown environments; the present invention adopts a stacked autoencoder to encode similar states into similar feature vectors, so that the intelligent agent can more clearly identify similar environmental states; a self-supervised classifier is used to calculate a matching score between the intelligent agent and the visited environmental state, determine whether the intelligent agent should visit this state, guide the differentiation of the intelligent agent's access state, and prompt different intelligent agents to explore different areas, thereby enhancing the overall exploration capability of a multi-agent system for the environment, realizing collaborative exploration of the multi-agent system, and thereby strengthening the synergy of different devices in the unmanned equipment cluster, improving the effective coordination between different devices, and improving the comprehensive decision-making capability of the cluster.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine analysis, and particularly relates to a construction method and application of a specific chromatogram of an achyranthes aspera throat-clearing mixture. According to the invention, the spanning from single index control to overall quality evaluation is realized; the specific characteristic spectrum method for the achyranthes aspera throat-clearing mixture is established for the first time, and the limitation that only the content of a single component is measured in the prior art is broken through. By simultaneously monitoring the five key characteristic peaks of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, bergenin, geniposide and catechin and the consistency of the overall spectrum of the five key characteristic peaks, the basic material feeding condition and the matching stability of the monarch, minister, assistant and guide medicines in the preparation can be comprehensively reflected, so that the overall quality and the uniformity of the curative effect of the product are more scientifically guaranteed.

The application discloses a prestressed square pile structure optimization method based on damage identification and boundary adjustment. First, an initial finite element model of the pile body is established, and a region with a damage factor greater than 0.5 is extracted as a weak region, which is parameterized and an improvement scheme is designed. The whole model of the pile body is divided into a local model to be optimized and a remaining model, and a connection constraint is established at the segmentation boundary. When the parameters of the local model change, the nodes or meshes near the boundary of the remaining model are synchronously adjusted according to the boundary node coordinates to maintain the overall continuous stress. The weak region is iteratively optimized through finite element analysis. Finally, based on the optimization results, a unified reinforcement scheme of multiple groups of whole piles is established, and the scheme with the lowest steel consumption is selected under the requirements of uplift resistance, crack and damage control. The application solves the problem of disconnection between local optimization and overall analysis, improves the uplift resistance and crack control capacity of the pile body, and reduces the material consumption.

The invention discloses a waveform indication inversion method and device based on a finite difference method, equipment and a medium. The method comprises the steps that seismic data of a target reservoir and logging data of a first preset number of gas wells in an area where the target reservoir is located are collected; determining comprehensive wavelet data of all gas wells according to the seismic data and the logging data; respectively determining low-frequency data, intermediate-frequency data and high-frequency data according to the seismic data and the logging data; wherein the high-frequency data is determined based on a finite difference method; and performing waveform indication inversion according to the comprehensive wavelet, the low-frequency data, the intermediate-frequency data, the high-frequency data, the high-frequency random data and the logging data to obtain an inversion result. According to the method, the defects of low longitudinal resolution and inaccurate transverse identification of an inversion result of a traditional method are overcome, the defect that traditional inversion needs more complete well drilling constraints in the region is made up, old seismic data can be fully utilized, and reservoir sand shale can be identified more clearly.

This application relates to the field of underwater robot technology and discloses a multimodal fusion intelligent detection method for bridge defects using underwater robots. The method includes: acquiring a set of underwater environmental parameters; dynamically adjusting imaging parameters by optimizing the light propagation path to overcome problems such as light attenuation and scattering in the underwater environment; utilizing multi-sensor data fusion technology, combining sonar and optical imaging data to generate a high-quality sequence of bridge surface images; extracting, classifying, and weighting defects in the images to generate an intermediate image set containing defect features; and performing multi-dimensional verification and local correction to ensure the accuracy of the defect features; finally, by evaluating the quality of the intermediate image set, standardized image data is generated to provide reliable input for defect extraction. This application can provide efficient and accurate technical support for bridge maintenance and safety assessment.

The present invention discloses a method and device for marking targets in three-dimensional CT images. The method comprises: determining a first target area to be determined based on a three-dimensional CT image drawn from three-dimensional CT slice data of an inspected object, and marking it as a light color; determining a target suspected area based on a three-dimensional CT image rotated at a certain angle and all current light-colored target areas to be determined, and marking it as a dark color; when receiving an instruction that the target object marking is not completed, determining whether to continue to execute step S2 or re-execute step S1; if receiving an instruction that the target object marking is completed, restoring the light-colored target area to be determined that is finally presented in the image to its original characteristic color, and saving relevant information of the target suspected area. The method can make full use of the parallel capability of graphics hardware, without the need for preprocessing, early identification and depth testing, and achieves target object marking processing with minimal algorithm complexity and time overhead.

The present invention relates to an electronic shift control device that can include a shift dial that is operated by a user to select R, N, such as Nd and Nr, and D ranges; a P range button that is operated to select P range; and a haptic motor that generates a haptic signal. The haptic signal can be communicated to the driver when the driver shifts the vehicle to a particular shift range, such as R, by operating the shift dial.