The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and discloses a straw incineration device based on a special-shaped gear transmission principle. The straw incineration devicecomprises a frame body, a material guide wheel is movably connected in the frame body, a cutting knife is movably connected to the outside the material guide wheel, a material guide rod is fixedly connected in the material guide wheel, a steering wheel is fixedly connected to the outside of the material guide rod, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the steering wheel, a maingear is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting rod, a connecting gear is connected to the outside of the main gear in an engaged manner, and a sector gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting gear. Through cooperative use of the material guide wheel, the cutting knife, the main gear, the connecting gear, the sector gear and a straight toothed bar, straw is preliminarily crushed, the straw incineration effect is improved, the straight toothed bar pushes the straw so as to guarantee that the straw can smoothly enter an incineration chamber, the straw is prevented from being stuck, and therefore smooth operation of the equipment is guaranteed.