The invention discloses an impeller assembly for axial flow compressed air pressurization in a shaft seal cavity. The impeller assembly comprises a static impeller and a flow guide impeller. The invention further discloses a dry gas sealing structure for axial flow compressed air pressurization in the shaft sealing cavity, and the dry gas sealing structure comprises the impeller assembly and further comprises an axial positioning ring, a sealing end cover, a working spring, a push ring, a static ring, a movable ring, a movable ring seat and a sealing chamber. After a gas sealing medium is guided and pressurized, the pressure of the gas sealing medium at the gas inlet of the movable ring is improved, the opening force and the gas film rigidity are also increased, and then the opening capacity and the external interference resistance of the gas film are improved; the formed gas film effectively overcomes the elastic force and fluid static pressure of the working spring, so that the contact probability between the two sealing rings is reduced, the frictional wear phenomenon is reduced, finally, the purposes of improving the dry gas sealing stability and prolonging the service life are achieved, and the dry gas sealing structure is particularly suitable for low-pressure and high-speed special working conditions.