The invention discloses a bidirectional and duplex MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) relay antenna selection and safety transmission method. A duplex MIMO relay system comprises a user A, a user B, a relay and an eavesdropper, wherein the user A, the user B, the relay R and the eavesdropper E are provided with a plurality of antennas; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a transmitting antenna of the user A, a transmitting antenna of the user B and a receiving antenna of the relay; acquiring a receiving antenna of the user A, a receiving antenna of the user B and a transmitting antenna of the relay; acquiring a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and a receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E based on the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the user A, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the user B and the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the relay; acquiring an instantaneous safety capacity of the duplex MIMO relay system based on the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user A, the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the user B and the receiving signal-to-noise ratio of the eavesdropper E. According to the bidirectional and duplex MIMO relay antenna selection and safety transmission method, optimal transmitting and receiving antennas areselected and the safety capacity of the whole system can be effectively improved.