The invention discloses a passive residual heat removal
system based on a
water cooler. An annular
water cooler which is compactly arranged around a
reactor pressure vessel is adopted, reactor core residual heat is brought out, a circulating heat removal water tank is divided into a hot area and a
cold area, the tops of the hot area and the
cold area are in two-way communication, and a one-way flow device is arranged at the bottom of the hot area and the
cold area. Therefore, cold fluid can only flow from the hot area to the cold area,
water vapor can be discharged through an
exhaust pipe at the top of the one-way flow device, and the natural circulation capacity between the circulating heat removal water tank and the annular
water cooler is enhanced. Hot fluid in a
water cooling pipe serves as an ascending section, cold fluid in an annular descending cavity serves as a descending section, natural circulating flow is formed by means of the
potential difference and the
density difference of the cold fluid and the hot fluid,
water vapor formed in the hot area of the circulating heat removal water tank is discharged through an
exhaust pipe at the top of the circulating heat removal water tank, and normal shutdown or accident shutdown of a reactor core is achieved. Residual heat in the reactor core is discharged more safely and reliably, and it is guaranteed that the temperature ofa fuel cladding, a
pressure vessel and the wall face of a reactor cavity does not exceed the allowable temperature.