The invention relates to an edible mushroom growth device and a use method thereof. The edible mushroom growth device comprises a planting bag, a cultivation substrate, a sealing layer, a growth well, a pocket and an installation device, wherein the sealing layer is a layer of soft airproof cloth, the cultivation substrate is sealed in the planting bag, the planting bag is provided with the growth well, the growth well is arranged in the cultivation substrate through the sealing layer, and the pocket is arranged on one end of the planting bag and is in a binding status. During use, the installation device can be installed in an insertion pipe, the insertion pipe is driven by the installation device, the insertion pipe is inserted into the planting bag, a lantern ring is arranged outside the sealing layer, and then, the installation device is pulled out; strains are planted in the growth well, a lower baffle plate, a filter pad and an upper baffle plate are arranged in the lantern ring, and the strains are cultivated to grow. The invention has advantages of favorable sealing effect, easy control of growth period, and favorable quality of growing edible mushrooms. According to the invention, automatic control can be realized, labor force is reduced, and production cost is lowered.