The invention discloses a throat bolt type variable thrust solid rocket engine ground testing device and belongs to the field of throat bolt engine ground testing. The throat bolt type variable thrustsolid rocket engine ground testing device comprises a driving mechanism and a simulating mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a motor fixing cover, a stepping motor, a sliding marker post, a motor fixing barrel, a movement limiting nut, a first movement transfer plate, a fastening nut, a second movement transfer plate, a first throat bolt connecting rod, a tension and pressure sensor, a second throat bolt seal ring, a displacement sensor and a movement connecting rod; the simulating mechanism comprises a front seal head, spring firmware, a left fixed barrel, a back seal head, acompression spring, a screw, a pressure sensor seat and a throat bolt. The throat bolt type variable thrust solid rocket engine ground testing device disclosed by the invention can achieve a throat bolt type variable thrust solid rocket engine ground test and has the advantages that (1) verification by tests at different thrusts and different pressures is achieved; (2) closed-loop control of the throat bolt of the engine is achieved; (3) the testing cost is low and more data is acquired; (4) the device is simple in structure and good in durability; and (5) the driving mechanism is light in weight.