The invention discloses a Japanese encephalitis vaccine prepared by human embryonic lung fibroblasts and a preparation method thereof, comprising culture and expansion of the human embryonic lung fibroblasts. The method comprises the following steps: Japanese encephalitis virus strain P3, strain SA14-14-2 or strain Nakayama is naturalized and inoculated to fit the human embryonic lung fibroblasts, and the seeds of Japanese encephalitis viruses are prepared on the human embryonic lung fibroblasts; wherein, an inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine also comprises the steps of harvesting viruses, inactivating viruses, concentrating, purifying and the like; an attenuated live vaccine also comprises the steps of harvesting viruses, concentrating, purifying and the like. Due to being prepared by healthy human embryonic lung fibroblasts, the two kinds of Japanese encephalitis vaccines do not contain any adventitious pollution agent and tumorigenicity, has high purity after being purified and has the advantages of good immune effect and high security. The preparation method of the invention is suitable for large-scale industrial production and can meet the preparation processes of Japanese encephalitis vaccines required by domestic and abroad markets.