The invention provides an automatic tracing identification system for artificial neural control. The system comprises a fixed viewing field video acquisition module, a full-functional variable viewing field video acquisition module, a video image identification and judgment algorithm module, an artificial neural control module, a moving object track tracing module, a database comparison and alarm judgment module, a monitoring characteristic entering and rule setting module, a light monitoring and controlling module, a background light source module, an alarm output, display and storage module and a safety monitoring sensor. The system fully solves the problems of unclear doubtful target characteristics, single function, low intelligence degree and the like in post processing and images of the prior image monitoring system, uses the artificial neural control, biological identification technology and intelligent image identification algorithm, and has the characteristics of high intelligence degree, precaution, clear doubtful object images, high cost performance and the like.