The invention relates to a method for detecting activity of a chloroplast promoter on the basis of a tetracycline regulation system, belonging to the technical field of plant plastogene engineering research. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of the tetracycline gene and tetracycline specific recognition sequence core control region, biosynthesizing a prrnO1O2 promoter with the tetracycline core control region, verifying the activity of the promoter in prokaryotic cells, and carrying out GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene expression under the driving action of the promoter; establishing a tetracycline-induced expression vector, and screening out the tetracycline suitable for bacterium growth, of which the maximum concentration is 5 mu g / ml; and finally, establishing the GFP expression vector under the tetracycline regulation system, wherein the function of the prrnO1O2 promoter is inhibited when the tetracycline is not added, and the GFP gene expresses green fluorescent proteins after the tetracycline is added. The tetracycline regulation system is utilized to control the activity of the chloroplast promoter, thereby avoiding the regulation interference of the nuclear genome on the plastome, and providing an effective method and way for further plastogene engineering breeding.