166 results about "Molecular identification" patented technology

The invention provides a local livestock and poultry variety identification method based on an SNP marker, and relates to the field of variety identification, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, genotype data acquisition, S2, genotype data quality control, S3, variety identification standard library establishment, and S4, bloodline content evaluation. According to the method, on the basis of a standardized molecular identification analysis process of genomic SNP marker bloodline content evaluation, genotype information of a core SNP site is analyzed, so that whole analysis process processing from original genotyping data to variety identity judgment is realized; the method can provide standardized, convenient and efficient molecular detection technical support for protection and utilization of genetic resources of local livestock and poultry in China, germplasm innovation and industrial development.

The invention relates to a gene ZmILR1 for controlling the size of a corn kernel as well as a molecular identification method and application of the gene ZmILR1, and belongs to the technical field of plant genetic breeding and functional gene research. The ZmILR1 gene encodes an IAA-amino acid hydrolase, mutation of the IAA-amino acid hydrolase causes corn kernels to become smaller, and overexpression of the gene can create a corn material with increased kernel length, kernel width and hundred-kernel weight. A functional molecular marker A1A4 is developed according to the sequence difference of the mutant gene and a wild type gene at the DNA level, and can be used for rapid identification and screening of small-grain corn materials. The invention provides a theoretical basis and an application tool for analyzing a molecular mechanism of the corn grain size and developing molecular marker-assisted breeding and hybrid seed breeding, and provides important gene resources and technical support for high-yield and high-quality molecular breeding of corn.

The invention relates to a method for extracting genome DNA of plants rich in secondary metabolites and a buffer solution, and belongs to the technical field of molecular biology and botany. The method solves the technical problems of low DNA extraction efficiency, poor purity, easy degradation and the like when a traditional DNA extraction method is used for treating plant tissues rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, polyphenol and the like. Comprising the following steps: adding a complexing agent such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone when grinding plant tissues in a liquid nitrogen environment; splitting by using a cell wall splitting buffer solution containing dithiothreitol and a nonionic surfactant; carrying out DNA release and extraction at 60-70 DEG C by adopting a CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide) extraction buffer solution containing polyethylene glycol and papain; and then purifying and precipitating to obtain high-purity genome DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid). The method can effectively remove alkaloid, protein and other impurities, significantly improves the DNA yield and purity, and is suitable for genome sequencing, genetic resource protection, medicinal plant molecular identification and the like of plants with high secondary metabolites such as Stephania kwangsiensis and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of plant genetic engineering, in particular to application of an algae NySAT2 gene in regulation and control of alfalfa crude protein and detergent fiber. According to the invention, a sequence after codon optimization of an NySAT2 gene coding region is obtained by using gene synthesis and codon optimization technologies, an algae NySAT2 gene overexpression vector is constructed, a target gene is introduced into an alfalfa genome by using an agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated genetic transformation method, and a transgenic plant is obtained by using a genetic transformation system. Molecular identification and phenotypic analysis show that on the premise of keeping normal growth vigor (plant height and biomass have no significant difference from those of a wild type), the crude protein content of a medicago sativa plant with the overexpressed NySAT2 gene is remarkably increased compared with that of the wild type medicago sativa plant, and meanwhile, the contents of acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fibers are remarkably reduced, so that the content of the crude protein in the medicago sativa plant with the overexpressed NySAT2 gene is remarkably increased. The forage quality and the feeding value of the medicago sativa are effectively improved.

The application discloses a high-sweetness-amino-acid-content Flammulina velutipes variety and a MNP molecular identification method and application thereof. The Flammulina velutipes variety has excellent properties, the cap is not easy to open, the content of sweet amino acids is high, the diversified market demand is met, the factory annual bottle cultivation is suitable, and the Flammulina velutipes variety has a good application and popularization prospect. The MNP molecular fingerprint of the Flammulina velutipes variety 'Shangyan A111' is comprehensive multiple amplification and sequencing technology, sequence analysis of all marker sites of multiple samples can be performed at one time, compared with ISSR, RAPD, SSR and other molecular markers and mushrooming test, the MNP molecular fingerprint has the advantages of high throughput, multi-target, high sensitivity and high precision. The MNP molecular fingerprint of the Flammulina velutipes variety 'Shangyan A111' has specificity and specificity in identifying the Flammulina velutipes strain 'Shangyan A111'.

This invention relates to a rapid identification method Lactobacillus plantarum The method for identifying strains, belonging to the field of species and strain identification, is based on the differences in three DNA barcode sequences. Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC NO: 26171 strain from Lactobacillusplantarum This method allows for rapid identification from other strains of the same species. Compared to traditional morphological identification methods, the standard gene sequence obtained is beneficial for the molecular identification of *Lactobacillus plantarum* strains, effectively shortening the identification time. Three pairs of DNA barcoding primers enable specific amplification of the test strain, allowing for rapid identification. Lactobacillus plantarum strains.

To provide a gene testing method and a gene testing kit for analyzing a variable region of a TCR or a BCR in single-cell analysis.SOLUTION: A method including a step of capturing mRNA eluted from a single cell using an RT probe immobilized on a solid-phase surface and including a common sequence, a cell identification barcode, a first molecular identification barcode, and an oligo(dT) sequence, a step of performing a reverse transcription reaction in a reverse transcription reaction solution containing a TSO using the mRNA as a template to generate cDNA having a sequence added to a 3' end, a step of degrading the mRNA, a step in which a primer for inserting a second molecular identification barcode binds to a constant region adjacent to a variable region of a TCR or a BCR and includes the second molecular identification barcode, a step of ligating cDNA extended from the primer with a ligase, a step of amplifying a fragment including the second molecular identification barcode and the variable region of the TCR or the BCR using a primer, a step of performing sequence analysis, and a step of associating sequences.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The present application relates to the technical field of molecular detection, and particularly relates to a specific primer combination for distinguishing Enteromorpha prolifera and related species, application and molecular identification method thereof. The primer combination comprises an upstream primer SEQ1 and a downstream primer SEQ2. The primer sequence of SEQ1 is shown as SEQ ID NO. 01, and the primer sequence of SEQ2 is shown as SEQ ID NO. 02. The primer combination of the present application is designed based on the genomic difference of two kinds of algae, has high specificity and sensitivity, can effectively avoid cross reaction, and ensures the accuracy of the detection result. Meanwhile, combined with the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology, the method can effectively quantify the abundance of Enteromorpha prolifera in environmental samples or laboratory samples, and provides reliable technical support for early warning, tracing analysis and prevention and control strategy of green tide outbreak.

This invention provides a combination of SNP molecular marker primers for the molecular identification of soft-fiber areca nut germplasm resources and their applications, belonging to the field of SNP molecular marker technology. Based on the constructed core areca nut germplasm resources, this invention conducts genetic background association analysis on the phenotypic characteristics of fruit fibers and develops SNP molecular marker primers based on areca nut fiber-specific loci. The development of these SNP molecular marker primers includes four pairs of specific primers. This invention also provides a method for detecting soft-fiber areca nut germplasm resources using SNP molecular marker primers. This method can rapidly, accurately, cost-effectively, and with high throughput detect the genotype of soft-fiber areca nut germplasm resources. The four pairs of specific primers of this invention can be used to identify soft-fiber areca nut germplasm resources, which has important application significance for the scientific protection of areca nut germplasm resource diversity, research on the genetic conservation and evolution of areca nut resources, and areca nut genetic breeding.

The application discloses a kind of molecular identification methods of sex-linked luhua feather homozygote of luhua chicken, belong to molecular marker assisted breeding technical field.The application can quickly and accurately detect homozygous sex-linked luhua chicken individual by designing KASP detection primer for detecting three sex-linked luhua feather color strong linkage sites, and the genotype of three sites can quickly and accurately detect homozygous sex-linked luhua chicken individual, when SNP2 (C->A) at 389bp of the first intron of CDKN2A gene, SNP3 and SNP4 at 172bp (T->A) and 174bp (T->C) of the first exon are AA, AA and CC respectively, then the chicken to be measured is homozygous sex-linked luhua chicken, otherwise the chicken to be measured is heterozygous sex-linked luhua chicken or non-sex-linked luhua chicken.The application provides an effective technical means for purifying sex-linked luhua feather color gene of luhua chicken, and helps to speed up the breeding speed of sex-linked luhua chicken strain homozygote and its matching system.

This invention belongs to the field of environmental microbiology technology, specifically disclosing a *Aspergillus niger* strain with lead adsorption capacity and its applications. This invention involved the isolation of microorganisms from 33 samples of water and sediment from the Henan section of the Yellow River basin. A fungal strain with high lead tolerance and adsorption was screened out, and after morphological and ITS molecular identification, it was named *Aspergillus niger* AN-2 and deposited at the Guangdong Provincial Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC) with accession number GDMCC NO: 63697. Compared with other isolated strains, *Aspergillus niger* AN-2 exhibits high lead tolerance and adsorption capacity for Pb. 2+ It has the strongest tolerance and is most tolerant to Pb. 2+ The MIC is as high as 3500-3800 mg / L. When this strain is processed into biomass, it exhibits excellent adsorption performance for lead, making it suitable for preparing bioremediation agents for heavy metal pollution. It has broad application prospects and high economic value.

The invention discloses a KASP molecular marker primer group for identifying saline-alkaline tolerance of rape and application of the KASP molecular marker primer group, and belongs to the technical field of molecular marker-assisted breeding. Comprising a first primer (SEQ ID NO.2), a second primer (SEQ ID NO.3) and a universal primer (SEQ ID NO.4), the primer group is designed based on a key SNP site (A / T) of a BnaA02. CDKE1 gene, and rapid and accurate typing of rape genotypes can be realized through a KASP technology. The invention also provides a kit containing the primer group, an application of the kit in saline-alkaline resistance identification of rape, and a corresponding identification method. The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, stable result, high flux, low cost and the like, and is suitable for large-scale auxiliary breeding and molecular identification of saline-alkaline tolerant rape varieties.

This invention relates to nucleic acid aptamers for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), wherein the nucleic acid aptamer is at least one of B76-2, B76-4, and B76-5, with sequences shown in SEQ ID NO.1, SEQ ID NO.2, and SEQ ID NO.3, respectively. The Lp-PLA2 aptamers provided by this invention fill a gap in the field of Lp-PLA2 aptamers and exhibit high affinity and specificity. Three aptamers with good affinity and specificity for Lp-PLA2 have been screened and verified. These aptamers can be formulated into molecular probes or used as detection reagents in methods or kits for detecting Lp-PLA2, improving accuracy. They can also be used to develop novel Lp-PLA2 biosensing methods for molecular identification, showing great application potential in the early warning of cardiovascular disease events.

The application provides a SNP molecular marker related to soybean seed oil content, protein content and hundred-seed weight and application. The SNP molecular marker contains a nucleotide sequence with C / T polymorphism at the 201th position of the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1. The molecular marker of the application has very important guiding significance in soybean molecular identification and assisted breeding.

The invention discloses a multi-label smell description prediction method, and relates to the field of compound smell prediction, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining compound identification information, molecular structure descriptors and smell label data, and constructing a multi-label smell data set; generating a molecular structure feature vector through a molecular fingerprint coding technology, and extracting a multi-dimensional descriptor reflecting the physicochemical properties of molecules; compressing the molecular fingerprint features to a low-dimensional space through a dimension reduction algorithm; performing unbalanced data processing on the training set, fusing the dimension-reduced molecular fingerprints with the molecular descriptors to form a joint feature matrix, and configuring a class weight balance mechanism and overfitting suppression parameters by adopting a multi-label classification architecture; independently optimizing a probability threshold for each odor label based on the verification set; and outputting a multi-odor label combination prediction result according to the target molecule identification information. According to the scheme, the multi-odor characteristics of the compound can be accurately depicted, and the combined recognition accuracy of the compound odor is remarkably improved.

The application discloses the technical field of molecular identification of plant species, and discloses molecular markers for identifying five species of Chimonanthus and application of the molecular markers. The application develops specific molecular markers (cox2i691 and nad4i1399) based on variable regions between mitochondrial genomes of Chimonanthus praecox and Chimonanthus nitens, and effectively distinguishes the five species of Chimonanthus, i.e. Chimonanthus praecox, Chimonanthus nitens, Chimonanthus salicifolius, Chimonanthus zhejiangensis and Chimonanthus oblongus. The application is beneficial to conveniently and accurately identifying the species of Chimonanthus, and provides important information for analyzing evolution of the Chimonanthus and analyzing a forming mechanism of biochemical properties in the future, and is also beneficial to classification of the species of Chimonanthus, evolution research of mitochondrial genomes, and product discrimination of the Chimonanthus species.

The invention relates to the technical field of gene editing, and particularly provides a method for creating fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide resistant rice through gene editing of an OsACCase gene promoter region. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a crRNA plasmid library covering an OsACCase gene promoter region on the basis of a CRISPR / LbCas12a system, performing agrobacterium-mediated transformation on rice callus, and performing resistance screening, fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide screening and molecular identification to obtain a fluazifop-p-butyl resistant rice strain. The strain is subjected to-4bp / -5bp double allelic deletion mutation in an upstream 1865-site region of an initiation codon ATG of the OsACCase gene, and a homozygous mutant strain and a double allelic deletion mutant strain can normally grow after being sprayed with 6 times of field recommended dose of fluazifop-p-butyl. The herbicide resistance is realized by editing the gene promoter region, the growth defect of coding region mutation is avoided, the breeding technology is enriched, and weed prevention and control are assisted.

The application discloses a molecular marker for identifying salvia miltiorrhiza cultivars and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant molecular identification. The molecular marker comprises SM-M1, SM-M2, SM-M3, SM-M4, SM-M5 and SM-M6. The molecular marker can be used for effectively identifying two subgroups of salvia miltiorrhiza cultivars, and is beneficial to the research on genetic variation in salvia miltiorrhiza and evolution of cultivars.

The invention discloses a rumen fibroblast line as well as a construction method, a culture method and application thereof, the rumen fibroblast line G8 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: C2025332, the rumen fibroblast line G8 has a typical fibroblast-like form and can be stably passaged, and the rumen fibroblast line G8 can be used as a rumen fibroblast cell line. The cell culture medium also has the characteristic of highly expressing fibroblast marker genes and the function of tolerating and utilizing rumen core metabolite butyric acid, and the proliferation rate and metabolic activity of the cell culture medium under the condition that 15mmol / L butyric acid is used as a main energy source are obviously superior to those of glucose culture; according to the construction method of the rumen fibroblast line, the steps of function screening and molecular identification are introduced, so that the identity authenticity of the constructed cell line can be ensured; the culture method of the rumen fibroblast line is simple and effective, culture medium materials are easy to obtain, and culture conditions are easy to realize; the rumen fibroblast line can be used for rumen in-vitro research, and is beneficial to clarification of a mechanism for regulating rumen interstitial metabolism and tissue repair by butyric acid.

The invention relates to a mycelium extracted from ganoderma lucidum and a preparation method of a culture medium of the mycelium, belongs to the technical field of mycelium extraction, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, ganoderma lucidum mycelia grow slowly and are prone to pollution, the content of effective components is unstable, and molecular identification is difficult. The invention provides the solid culture medium prepared from the saussurea involucrata purple yellow extract, the extract is formed by combining effective components of saussurea involucrata and sodium alginate, the growth rate and metabolism efficiency of ganoderma lucidum hyphae can be improved, active substances such as polysaccharides and triterpenes are effectively enriched, and the yield of the ganoderma lucidum hyphae is increased. Meanwhile, the stress resistance and the survival rate of the mycelium under the stress conditions of oxidative stress, pathogen invasion and the like are enhanced, the pollution risk in the culture process is reduced, the biosynthesis efficiency and the extracellular secretion level of key secondary metabolites are improved, the immunocompetence and the bioavailability of the product are further improved, and the production cost is reduced. And a stable and reliable technical support is provided for large-scale and high-quality production of ganoderma lucidum.

The present application belongs to the technical field of molecular identification of new shrimp species, and particularly relates to a composition for identifying Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina zhoui and use thereof. The present application discloses a composition for identifying Neocaridina denticulata and Neocaridina zhoui, which comprises: a first specific primer pair with a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4; and a second specific primer pair with a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6. Based on the composition and the corresponding duplex PCR method provided by the present application, a 743 bp band specific to Neocaridina denticulata or a 601 bp band specific to Neocaridina zhoui can be amplified simultaneously in one reaction system, so that the two morphologically similar new shrimp species can be identified quickly, accurately and efficiently.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly identifying a Lactobacillus plantarum strain, and belongs to the field of species and strain identification, the Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC NO: 26171 strain is rapidly identified from other strains of the same species of Lactobacillus plantarum based on the sequence difference of three DNA bar codes, and compared with a traditional morphological identification method, the method has the advantages that the identification efficiency is high, and the identification cost is low. The standard gene series obtained by the method is beneficial to molecular identification of lactobacillus plantarum target strains, and the identification time can be effectively shortened. The three pairs of DNA bar code primers can be used for realizing the specific amplification of the strain to be detected, and the Lactobacillus plantarum strain can be quickly identified. The method overcomes the defect that the traditional morphology of the Lactobacillus plantarum intraspecific strain is difficult to identify, and has the characteristics of universality, easiness in amplification and easiness in comparison.

The invention relates to the technical field of cell culture, in particular to an efficient separation culture method for hepatocytes of small yellow croakers and a hepatocyte source identification method. The invention provides a method for efficiently separating and culturing hepatocytes of small yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps: selecting liver tissues of juvenile small yellow croakers, cleaning with a PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution) containing high-concentration double antibodies, and digesting with pancreatin to quickly obtain hepatocytes; optimizing cell culture to obtain an L-15 culture medium containing 10% of FBS, 1% of sodium pyruvate and 0.2% of NaCl; and cell source identification is carried out by amplifying mitochondrial COI gene and 16S rRNA gene sequences. According to the method, the separation efficiency of the hepatocytes of the small yellow croakers is remarkably improved, the pollution rate is reduced, the result reliability is improved through double-gene molecular identification, the technical blank of construction of hepatocyte lines of the small yellow croakers is filled, and the method has wide application potential in the fields of aquaculture, fish physiology research, environmental toxicology detection and the like.

The application discloses a Cmfsg gene mutant of melon and a creation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant genetic engineering. The mutant is obtained by CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology to direct mutation of the coding region or the promoter region of the Cmfsg gene of melon, the target point is recognized by a specific sgRNA primer, and is screened by specific primer PCR amplification and sequencing verification. The creation method comprises the following steps: constructing an editing vector of a target gene, introducing the wild-type queen melon by means of an agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation technology, screening, regeneration and molecular identification to obtain the mutant. The Cmfsg gene has a regulation function on the fruit fur character and the fruit shape index of melon, can realize the direct and rapid creation of the appearance character of melon, overcomes the defects of long breeding period and low efficiency in traditional breeding, and the obtained mutant has stable genetic traits, and can be used as a parent or genetic resource for high-quality breeding of melon.

The present application provides a DNA barcode specific identification method of radix rehmanniae decoction pieces, and relates to the technical field of true and false identification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces. The specific identification method comprises the following steps: extracting sample DNA to be detected; screening universal and specific DNA barcode genes; amplifying universal and specific DNA barcode gene fragments; amplifying the amplification product; and obtaining amplified DNA barcode sequences after sequence correction and splicing, and performing online BLAST comparison with NCBI database, so as to determine the base origin of the sample to be detected. The method provided by the present application can overcome the problem that the DNA barcode of the conventional ITS2 sequence of the decoction piece after processing is not easy to amplify, and the PCR amplification product of the present application has high quality, the molecular identification result is accurate, and the rapid identification of radix rehmanniae and radix rehmanniae preparata decoction pieces can be efficiently and high-quality solved, and the urgent need for true and false identification of radix rehmanniae decoction pieces during acceptance is solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant genetic engineering and biotechnology, and discloses a construction method of a Hainan camellia oleifera seedling transgenic hairy root system, which comprises the following steps: selecting a 3-month-old camellia oleifera seedling explant Haidao camellia oleifera No.4, pretreating, transferring a target plasmid into agrobacterium rhizogenes K599 by an agrobacterium-mediated method, and culturing to obtain the Hainan camellia oleifera seedling transgenic hairy root system. Preparing an infection solution, optimizing infection conditions, inducing hairy roots to generate, and finally verifying the transgenosis effect through fluorescence observation and molecular identification. According to the method, an infection liquid formula, infection conditions and culture conditions are optimized, the induction efficiency of the transgenic hairy roots is remarkably improved, technical support is provided for functional gene research and genetic improvement of Hainan camellia oleifera, and the method has important application value.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly identifying in-vivo parasitic powdery plant pathogens, and relates to the technical field of molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, collecting samples such as plant leaves or stems with in-vivo parasitic pathogens such as powdery mildew and rust disease; 2, establishing a PCR amplification system; 3, adding an amplification template (powder pathogen) and carrying out PCR amplification; 4, separating, purifying and sequencing PCR products or sequencing molecular cloning transformants; and 5, carrying out nucleic acid database BLAST search on the sequencing sequence, and rapidly identifying the classification of living parasitic pathogen species causing plant diseases. The method can effectively avoid the technical bottleneck and cost expenditure that living parasitic fungi cannot be subjected to in-vitro culture to obtain pure culture thalli or an expensive trace DNA extraction kit is used for extracting genomes, and has important reference significance and practical value for rapid identification of living parasitic pathogenic bacteria capable of generating powder, such as powdery mildew and rust germs.

The invention relates to molecular identification of pig varieties, and discloses an SNP molecular marker combination for identification of six white pigs in Anqing, the combination is composed of the following 14 SNP sites, and the physical position and allele information of each SNP site are determined based on a pig reference genome Sscrofa11.1: rs340865310 located at 226716bp of a chromosome 2, the allele of which is G / A; the rs344868753 is located at the 124988228bp position of the chromosome 2, and the allele of the rs344868753 is T / C; the rs793459202 is located at the 12758234 bp position of the chromosome 3, and the allele of the rs793459202 is C / T; and the rs700761784 is located at the 13345574bp position of the No.3 chromosome, and the allele of the rs700761784 is C / T. According to the invention, 14 specific SNPs are taken as a marker set, and unified 0 / 1 / 2 codes, standardized parameters mu / sigma and threshold judgment rules are matched, so that the flow of a detection end is clear, the repeatability is high, and cross-laboratory consistent implementation is facilitated.

The application belongs to the field of plant molecular biology, and discloses a peach early flowering phenotype molecular marker and application thereof. The peach early flowering phenotype molecular marker is a combination of SNP molecular markers related to the peach early flowering phenotype, and is composed of 20 SNP loci of a first chromosome of the peach. Further typing detection is performed by KASP technology, and the peach early flowering phenotype molecular marker can be used for molecular identification of the peach early flowering phenotype and breeding of peach varieties, and has great application value.

This invention discloses a semen-specific mRNA-cSNP primer composition, kit, and method based on SNaPshot technology, belonging to the field of molecular identification technology. The primer composition provided by this invention includes amplification primers with nucleotide sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-34 and single-base extension primers as shown in SEQ ID NO. 35-52. This invention further provides a method for identifying human semen samples, including extracting sample mRNA, reverse transcription to obtain cDNA, performing an amplification reaction using amplification primers, and then performing a single-base extension reaction using single-base extension primers. Experimental results show that the identification method of this invention has advantages such as high specificity, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility, and can accurately identify individual semen donors, which is of great significance for achieving accurate semen-related criminal investigations and forensic identification.