52 results about "Starch synthase" patented technology

Plants, particularly cereal plants, which have improved ability to synthesise starch at elevated or lowered temperatures and/or to synthesise starch with an altered fine structure are produced by inserting into the genome of the plant (i) a gene(s) encoding a form of an enzyme of the starch or glycogen biosynthetic pathway, particularly soluble starch synthase and/or branching enzyme and/or glycogen synthase, which display an activity which continues to increase over a temperature range over which the activity would normally be expected to decrease, and/or (ii) a gene(s) encoding sense and anti-sense constructs of enzymes of the starch biosynthetic pathway, particularly soluble starch synthase and/or branching enzyme and/or glycogen synthase, which alters the natural ratios of expression of the said enzymes or inserts enzymes with special structural characteristics which alter the natural branching pattern in starch.

The invention relates to a method for increasing the amylose content of plants. The invention provides enzymes, namely granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS i), starch branching enzyme I (SBE I) and/or starch branching enzyme II (SBE II) which are applicable to genetic engineering operation in a starch synthesis path and are capable of remarkably changing starch composition of the plants. The invention also provides a novel method capable of favorably adjusting starch in plants, which comprises the following step of reducing the expression of the enzymes to obtain a series of transgenic plants which are different in amylose and amylopectin contents and proportions. The invention also provides a construct or carrier for adjusting the starch composition of plants.

The invention discloses an application of a corn ZmWx gene in increase of the corn yield and improvement of grain characteristics. A ZmWx gene sequence is cloned in corn endosperm cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid), the ZmWx gene encodes GBSSI (granule-bound starch synthase I), the GBSSI and an endosperm specific promoter form a fusion gene, the fusion gene is recombined in a plant expression carrier with a transgenic technology to transform corn, and corn transgenetic plants with yield increased and grain characteristics improved are obtained; alternatively, GBSSI overexpressed corn and mutant AGPase overexpressed high-starch corn are hybridized, a transgenetic polymer is obtained through screening, and the corn transgenetic plants whose grain yield, starch content and hundred-grain weight are remarkably higher than those of recipient materials are produced. The application provides a basis and a means for development and preparation of high-starch and high-amylose starch corn and also develops a new approach for increase of the corn yield and improvement of the starch quality.

The invention relates to a method and a substance for adjusting starch composition of root crops. The invention discloses polynucleotide constructs which is expressed by specific interference granulebound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and can be processed after being introduced into plant., and a brand-new way for changing the starch quality of the plant by interrupting the expression of GBSSI genesbased on micro-molecular RNA interface technology to achieve the aim of adjusting the starch composition in the plant.

The present invention provides compositions and methods of altering/improving wheat phenotypes. Furthermore, methods of breeding wheat and/or other closely related species to produce plants having altered or improved phenotypes are provided.

The invention discloses a method for reducing apparent amylose content of rice and improving the starch viscosity so as to improve the eating quality of the rice, and belongs to the technical field of organisms. The method is achieved by disturbing soluble starch synthase SSSIIb gene expression in paddy; a ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference carrier of the SSSIIb gene is built; and the transgenic rice of disturbing the SSSIIb gene is obtained by an agrobacterium mediated method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiment shows that a target gene is integrated into rice genome; and homozygous transgenic rice is obtained in a breeding manner. The amylose content in rice endosperm of the transgenic rice is obviously reduced in comparison with the unconverted parent Nipponbare. A rapid viscosity tester analysis shows that the starch viscosity of the transgenic rice is reduced; the gelatinization temperature is reduced; and the eating characteristics of the rice are obviously improved.

This invention disclosure relates to novel maize starch. The starch can be made from the newly developed waxy sugary-2 double-mutant maize that has low activity of Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSSI), which results in low amylose level. The starch from newly developed waxy sugary-2 double-mutant is freeze-thaw stable and has high viscosity. In comparison with the starch of the existing waxy sugary-2 double-mutant maize, the new waxy sugary-2 double-mutant maize starch showed, inter alia, improved pasting profile, starch granule integrity, larger starch granule size, and higher viscosity.

The invention relates to a method of adjusting a content of plant amylose and amylopectin. The invention provides an enzyme which is suitable for genetic engineering operation and can substantially change starch composition in the plant, wherein the enzyme is granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I), starch branching enzyme I (SBE I) and/or starch branching enzyme II (SBE II). The invention further provides a novel method of well adjusting starch composition in the plant, and the method comprises reducing expression of the enzyme, and thus obtaining a series of transgene plants with different content ratios of amylose and amylopectin The invention further provides a constructor or a carrier for adjusting starch composition in the plant.

The invention discloses a plant expression vector and the application thereof in preparing phosphorylation modified rice starch. The plant expression vector comprises a target gene inserting into an original vector and a promoter, wherein the target gene comprises a transit peptides gene segment of granule-bound starch synthase and a potato glucan-water dikinase gene which are sequentially connected, and the promoter is a barley endosperm specific promoter HorD. For the plant expression vector and the application thereof in preparing phosphorylation modified rice starch, the potato glucan-water dikinase gene is transferred into rice, and the starch of the rice can be phosphorylated through the expression of the potato glucan-water dikinase gene, so that the modification of the starch is realized. The potato glucan-water dikinase is led to amyloid through the transit peptides of the granule-bound starch synthase, and phosphorylation modification is performed on the starch. According to the invention, the expression of the potato glucan-water dikinase gene in the rice endosperm can be promoted through the barley endosperm specific promoter HorD, and the phosphorus content in the rice starch is greatly increased.

The present invention relates to a process for increasing the phosphate content of starches of genetically modified plant cells in comparison with starches from corresponding wild-type plant cells by introducing a foreign nucleic acid molecule which codes for a soluble starch synthase II. The present invention furthermore relates to the overexpression of this soluble starch synthase II in the genetically modified plant cells. Furthermore, the present invention relates to rice starch and rice flour with improved quality characteristics, to rice grains comprising this rice starch, and to rice plants on which these rice grains grow.

The subject invention pertains to novel mutant polynucleotide molecules that encode enzymes that have increased heat stability. These polynucleotides, when expressed in plants, result in increased yield in plants grown under conditions of heat stress. The polynucleotide molecules of the subject invention encode maize endosperm ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) enzyme activities. Plants and plant tissue bred to contain, or transformed with, the mutant polynucleotides, and expressing the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides, are also contemplated by the present invention. The subject invention also concerns methods for isolating polynucleotides and polypeptides contemplated within the scope of the invention. Methods for increasing yield in plants grown under conditions of heat stress are also provided.

The present invention relates to a GBSS1 specific enzyme activity determination method, and provides a granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS1 enzyme) specific enzyme activity determination method, wherein an ELISA technology is adopted to carry out quantitation on the enzyme extract in the GBSS1 protein level and the previous GBSS1 enzyme activity determination steps are simplified.

In the invention, a Genomic walking method is employed to design a specific nested primer according to a cDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No.: AF036891) of a maize dull 1 gene, maize genome is taken as a template to separate a maize starch synthase gene dull 1 promoter from maize. The promoter has a spatiotemporal specific expression property, can drive target genes to efficiently express in plant seeds at grain filling stage, but is not expressed at leaves, leaf veins and roots, and has wide use in research of plant bioreactor. The promoter lays a foundation for researching an expression regulating and control mechanism of plant starch anabolism, creates a condition for starch biosynthesis regulation and control in gene engineering technology, and plays an important role in the research of plant starch improvement and the plant bioreactor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cereal flour raw material that can provide products having superb texture. A further object of the present invention is to provide a food product manufactured using such a cereal flour raw material.

The present invention provides a cereal flour composition that contains wheat flour prepared from a type of wheat that does not express the three wheat starch synthase II proteins, and also does not express the three wheat granule bound starch synthase proteins, and another type of cereal flour; and a food product manufactured using such a cereal flour composition.

The invention discloses a granule-bound starch synthase which has mutation at one or more amino acid loci selected from the following groups and corresponding to an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1: H236, N265, Y268, N353, R408, E410, K413, C487, A114, EA314-315, and T543, and has significantly reduced enzymatic activity. Therefore, the invention reveals the relation between specific amino acid residues and amylose content, and the enzyme can regulate the amylose content in paddy rice, thereby improving edible quality of paddy rice.