The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery machining equipment, and especially relates to a cylindrical lithium ion battery transferring and clamping device. The cylindrical lithium ion battery transferring and clamping device comprises a support seat, wherein the support seat is rotationally connected with an air cylinder, the end, away from the support seat, of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with a transferring plate, and the transferring plate is movably connected with a plurality of groups of clamping assemblies; each clamping assembly comprises a pressing plate, a transmission mechanism and a clamping plate, the pressing plates are slidably connected with the transferring plate, the clamping plates are in threaded connection with the pressing plates through the transmission mechanisms, the pressing plates and the clamping plates are arranged in a matched mode to carry out clamping and transferring working on cylindrical lithium ion batteries, and electromagnetic blocks are arranged between the adjacent clamping plates; and the electromagnetic blocks are provided with a control box in a matched mode, and the control box is fixedly connected with the transferring plate. According to the invention, by arranging the transferring plate with the clamping assemblies for the lithium ion batteries, the clamping effect on the lithium ion batteries is effectively improved, the transferring efficiency for the lithium ion batteries is increased, and meanwhile, the integrity of the lithium ion batteries in the transferring process is ensured.