The invention discloses a rear-end early warning method based on the Bayesian network. The weather situation Y1, the road situation Y2, the driver reaction time Y3, the distance between the rear car and the front car Y4, the rear car speed Y5, the speed difference of the rear car relative to the front car Y6, and the rear car acceleration Y6 are selected as the variable nodes of the rear-end accident Y8, the Bayesian network node collection Y:Y={Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8} of the rear-end accident is obtained, and value ranges of the variable nodes are determined; the traffic scene of the rear-end accident is simulated, the Bayesian network learning dataset of the rear-end accident is composed, and discrete treatment is performed on the learning dataset; the Bayesian network structure of the rear-end accident is composed, and conditional probability distributions of the nodes in the structure are calculated; the inspection data sample is obtained, the values of all nodes in the inspection data sample except the rear-end accident Y8 in next moment are predicted; the Bayesian network is utilized to calculate the probability that a rear-end accident happens in the next moment; the threshold value is set, and the early warning measure is adopted if the probability that the rear-end accident happens is larger than the threshold value.