The invention discloses a flow distribution control method of a central flue system of a high-rise building. The central flue system comprises indoor units installed on different floors, an air outletof each indoor unit communicates with a common flue through a respective smoke pipe, and a target flow QL is preset to be within a target range [Qx, Qd]. The flow distribution control method of the central flue system of the high-rise building has the advantages that ensors such as power, current, pressure, flow speed and the like are not needed, only the current gear and the current rotating speed need to be fed back, the current gear and rotating speed detection or back electromotive force is utilized for calculating the rotating speed, then the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the rotating speed and the flow under the same gear is utilized for calculating the current actual flow, the difference between the current actual flow and the target flow is calculated, at least one gear is selected to be adjusted, and whether the flow can be controlled in a flow range is calculated. The whole control method can realize the basic guarantee of effective air quantity, eliminate the difference of smoke exhaust effects of different floors, and through the frequency conversion or gear shift control of an indoor range hood, the control process is efficient and saves energy, and loss is low.