The invention discloses a rivet rolling substrate machine of a potentiometer. The rivet rolling substrate machine comprises a machine body, a horizontal displacement device, a vertical displacement device, an absorber, a rivet rolling assembly and a driving assembly, wherein the horizontal displacement device is arranged at the machine body, the vertical displacement device is arranged at the horizontal displacement device, the absorber is arranged at the vertical displacement device, the rivet rolling assembly is arranged at the machine body, the driving assembly is connected with the rivet rolling assembly and the machine body, the machine body comprises a rack, a table plate and a collection box, the horizontal displacement device comprises a horizontal seat, a horizontal servo motor and a horizontal threaded shaft, the vertical displacement device comprises a vertical seat, a vertical servo motor and a vertical threaded shaft, the absorber comprises an absorption substrate, an absorption air pipe and a nozzle, the rivet rolling assembly comprises a workbench, a working roller, a rolling shaft, a rivet rolling sliding block, a sliding rail and a pin shaft, and the driving assembly comprises a driven rod, an eccentric rotation disc and a rotation disc motor. By the machine, the substrate can be rapidly riveted, the structure firmness of the substrate is effectively reinforced, the workload of manual riveting is omitted, and the workshop production efficiency is greatly improved.