The invention discloses a high-yield purple yam cultivation method which comprises the following steps: 1, digging a shallow pool, wherein a water-resisting layer is formed in the pool bottom, a yellow mud layer is coated to the water-resisting layer, and multiple rows of V-shaped grooves are built; 2, sequentially laying planting base soil in the V-shaped grooves in a layered manner; 3, inserting shallow orienting plates into the V-shaped grooves; 4, placing purple yam seedlings above the shallow orienting plates; 5, performing growth management on the purple yam seedlings until the purple yams grow mature; and 6, harvesting, thereby obtaining the purple yams. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the V-shaped grooves are built aiming at the characteristics of the purple yams, so that rapid drainage is realized, moisturizing can be realized, planting and harvesting can be facilitated, and the planting efficiency is increased. According to special planting soil in the invention, the planting soil is high in nutrient content and excellent in air permeability and is particularly favorable for growth of the purple yams. The special shallow orienting plates for yams designed according to the invention are convenient to use, simple in operation and high in practicality, and the planting and harvesting efficiency of the yams can be improved.