In order to solve the problem that medicines in an existing mobile clinic are inconvenient to take, place and use, the invention provides a portable medicine storage device. The device comprises a boxbody, and an access door is arranged on the box body; a medicine box, a medicine placing device, a medicine box conveying and identifying device, a medicine placing support, a medicine box taking-outdevice and a medicine discharging device are arranged in the box body; and one side of the medicine placing support is a medicine supplementing side, the other side of the medicine placing support isa medicine taking side, the medicine box, the medicine placing device and the medicine box conveying and identifying device are located on the medicine supplementing side, and the medicine box taking-out device and the medicine discharging device are located on the medicine taking side. The device is simple in overall structure, medicine can be conveniently taken from a single medicine bin opening, the medicine taking process is more stable, damage caused by direct falling of the medicine box is avoided, and safety is high; and in addition, the device is compact in overall structure, small inoccupied area and low in cost.