The invention discloses an acoustic streaming coupling cavitation enhanced water treatment device, which comprises a hydrodynamic cavitator, an ultrasonic cavitator, a reaction tank, a water inlet bent pipe, a shaft, a shaft seal, a bearing, an end cover, a coupler, a variable frequency motor, a sewage circulating pipeline, a purified water discharging pipeline, an electromagnetic valve, a sewagepump, a multi-parameter water quality detector, a water level sensor and an intelligent control system. The electromagnetic valve, the sewage pump and the multi-parameter water quality detector are mounted on the sewage circulating pipeline; the sewage circulating pipeline, the water inlet bent pipe, the cavitator, the reaction tank and the water level sensor form a circulating loop, and the purified water discharge pipe is connected with the sewage circulating pipeline; and the electromagnetic valve, the water level sensor and the variable frequency motor are connected with an intelligent control system. By organically combining the hydrodynamic cavitator, the ultrasonic cavitator, the intelligent control system and the like, the device has the advantages of excellent sewage treatment effect, high automation level, low energy consumption in the action process, simple technique and the like, can implement large-scale sewage treatment, and enhances the water resource utilization ratio.