The invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle emergency rescue high-altitude base station comprising a bearing platform, a wireless communication system and a backhaul device, wherein the bearing platform is an unmanned aerial vehicle, the wireless communication system and the backhaul device are connected with each other and are loaded on the mooring unmanned aerial vehicle, the wireless communication system comprises a RRU module communication device and an antenna, the RRU module communication device is in wireless connection with a user through the antenna, the backhaul device comprises a BBU module communication device and a backhaul system, The RRU module communication device establishes a data transmission connection with the BBU module communication device, and the BBU module communication device is in data transmission connection with a machine room PTN through the backhaul system. The unmanned aerial vehicle emergency rescue high-altitude base station has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, large bearing capacity, long air residence time and high environmental adaptability. The unmanned aerial vehicle emergency rescue high-altitude base station can quickly rise in hash environments, quickly start a communication station and can perform remote operation. The unmanned aerial vehicle emergency rescue high-altitude base station serves as an emergency communication station to meet different emergency relief scenarios, such as emergency relief, security anti-terrorism, hot spot coverage and other communication needs.