The invention discloses a liquid cooling cooling-water machine provided with an adjustable supercooler unit. The heat exchange temperature adjustable supercooler unit is connected between a condenserand a throttling element in the cooling-water machine in series. The supercooler unit comprises a motor, a driving screw rod, a driven screw rod and a supercooler. The supercooler comprises a top cover, a cooling pipe, a corrugated pipe, springs, limiting sleeves, spacer sheets, a supporting sleeve and a liquid trap which form multiple series-connected cavities. By changing the internal volumes ofthe multiple cavities, the internal heat exchange area and internal temperature of the supercooler are adjusted, so that the supercooling capacity of a coolant at an inlet of the throttling element is controlled dynamically, the specific volume of the volume occupied by flash gas in the throttling element is controlled, the cooling capacity is increased, and the energy efficiency of the cooling-water machine is improved. In addition, the supercooler can conduct effective superheating on the coolant at an outlet of an evaporator, so that part of residual liquid at the outlet of the evaporatoris further evaporated through superheating, the phenomenon of gas suction liquid carrying of a compressor is effectively inhibited, and normal operation of the compressor is ensured.