The invention relates to the technical field of medical automation equipment, in particular to a throat swab collecting mechanical arm which comprises a swinging system, a driving motor system, a driving line system and a rotating system. The swinging system comprises a lower mounting base (4), an arc-shaped connecting rod (11), an upper connecting piece (111), a lower connecting piece (112) and an upper swinging base (7); the driving motor system comprises a front-back swinging motor (2), a stepping motor speed reducer (21), a left-right swinging motor (12), a gear (14), a telescopic stepping motor (15) and a rotary stepping motor (16); the driving line system comprises a winding grooved wheel (3), a front-back swinging driving line (5), a front-back swinging elastic line (51), a left-right swinging elastic line (6), a left-right swinging driving line (61), a grooved wheel bearing (9), a shaft sleeve (91) and a fixed shaft (92); the rotating system comprises a rotating bearing (8) and a UPU connecting structure (10); the mechanical arm is high in stability, high in precision and more suitable for human oral cavity collection.