The invention discloses a ground evaluation system and method for performance indexes of a helium compressor of a stratospheric airship. The system comprises a capsule body assembly, a connecting assembly and a measurement and control assembly, wherein the capsule body assembly comprises an outer capsule body and an inner capsule body, the inner capsule body and the outer capsule body are each of a cylindrical structure and are oppositely arranged, the connecting assembly comprises the helium compressor, a circulating pipeline, a gas inlet pipeline and a gas outlet pipeline, the helium compressor is arranged outside the outer capsule body and the inner capsule body and is located between the outer capsule body and the inner capsule body, one end of the gas inlet pipeline communicates with the outer capsule body, the other end of the gas inlet pipeline communicates with a gas inlet of the helium compressor, one end of the gas outlet pipeline communicates with the inner capsule body, the other end of the gas outlet pipeline communicates with a gas outlet of the helium compressor, the two ends of the circulating pipeline communicate with the outer capsule body and the inner capsule body correspondingly, a helium electronic control valve is arranged on the circulating pipeline and is close to the outer capsule body, and the measurement and control assembly is arranged outside the outer capsule body and the inner capsule body, is electrically connected to the helium compressor and the helium electronic control valve and is used for controlling the helium compressor and the helium electronic control valve.