The invention discloses an aeroengine fuel system altitude performance testing unit and a test method thereof. The testing unit comprises an equipment cabinet, a control computer, a display instrument, a high altitude box, a fuel tank, an oil pipeline, a vacuum pump package and various valves, wherein, the inner part of the high altitude box is provided with a testing oil fuel pump which is connected with the fuel tank through the oil pipeline inside the equipment cabinet, the fuel tank has a structure with low temperature resistance and atmospheric depression resistance, can simulate the high altitude working environment of the fuel system of the aeroengine. The test method utilizes the fuel tank capable of simulating the atmospheric depression and the low temperature of the high altitude and a high altitude box capable of simulating the atmospheric depression, adopts the pipeline and the valves to adjust the oil inlet pressure and the oil return pressure, and uses a flowmeter, a thermometer and a pressure gauge to read the parameter values. The test of altitude simulations of an oil supply system of an electronic oil fuel pump of an aircraft piston engine can be performed by the method.