The invention discloses a method for building, analyzing and confirming goods identity information. Goods element in itself and setting element set on goods are sued as goods element information unit. As reading device reads the element information unit goods identity information can be built, analyzed and confirmed. The invention also provides the reading device realizing said method, the computer system connected with the reading device and said element information unit. The invention can be applied almost all materials conveniently. It can be used in goods identity authentication, safety authentication, insignia/evidence authentication, bank bill/voucher authentication, intellectual property protection, remote management, information management, duty decision, duty trace, commodities fleeing prevention, logistics monitoring, asset preservation, analysis and statistic, tort early-warning, supervision check, government procurement, door-forbidden management, file transfer and judicature basis.