The invention discloses a fault detection instrument of an electromobile and a fault detecting method. The instrument comprises an aerial socket,a gear selecting switch,a detection convertor,a speed controller and an instrument shell body of a voltage displayer electrically connected with the detection convertor. The gear selecting switch comprises a forward gear,a back gear and a stop gear whichcorrespond to forward,back and stop gears of the electromobile. The speed controller corresponds to an electronic throttle of the electromobile and comprises a potentiometer and a rotary knob linked switch. A first gear detecting circuit,a second gear detecting circuit,a third gear detecting circuit,a fourth detecting circuit,a fifth detecting circuit and a sixth detecting circuit which respectively detect battery set voltage,electronic throttle power supply voltage,electronic throttle speed changing voltage,stop gear voltage,forward gear voltage and back gear voltage are correspondingly connected with the detection convertor and the aerial socket. The detecting method that the instrument is in communication with the interface of a controller is adopted,based on the detecting circuits,theinstrument detects whether or not faults exist in the controller,and the detection is quick,comprehensive and high in universality.